Studied by 0 peopleCreole
a person of European descent born in Latin America and living there permanently
Mestizo
a person of mixed European and Native American descent
Cash Crop
a crop that is grown for sale rather than for personal use
Peninsulare
a person born on the Iberian Peninsula; typically a Spanish or Portuguese official who resided temporarily in Latin America
Caudillo
a strong leader who ruled chiefly by military force, usually with the support of the landed elite
Monroe Doctrine
Americas were off limits for any colonization efforts and strongly warned against any European intervention
Main Ideas
Identify which event inspired revolutionary leaders in Latin America
the American Revolution
Identify which country against whom Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar led South American independence movements
Spain
Identify why the new republican governments in Latin America struggled
they had little to no experience with self rule
Identify how Spanish and Portuguese colonial empires were weakened
Napoleon Bonaparte overthrew their monarchies in Europe
Identify three cash crops grown in Latin America and explain how these affected economic dependence
bananas, sugar, and coffee; depended on foreign countries for manufactured goods
Capital
money available for investment
Entrepreneur
a person who finds business opportunities and new ways to make profits
Cottage Industry
a method of production in which tasks are done by individuals in their rural homes
Industrial Capitalism
an economic system based on industrial producing or manufacturing
Socialism
a system in which society owns and controls the means of production
Explain why the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain
Britain's rivers were able to provide transportation and power
Explain why coal production expanded greatly during the Industrial Revolution
coal was needed to produce iron and to run steam engines
Explain how the railroads guaranteed the success of the Industrial Revolution
goods could be transported faster from factories to the place they would be sold
Explain how industrialization spread rapidly throughout Europe and the United States
railroads
Identify the social impact of industrialization in Europe
crowded living conditions in the cities and brutal working conditions in factories
Identify the contributions of the following inventors:
James Hargreaves
Spinning Jenny
Edmund Cartwright
Water powered Loom
James Watt
Steam Engine
Universal Male Suffrage
the right of all males to vote in elections
Multinational Empire
an empire in which people of many nationalities live
Militarism
the reliance on military strength
Kaiser
German for caesar
Plebiscite
a popular vote
Emancipation
the act of setting free
Abolitionism
a movement to end slavery
Explain why French liberals overthrew the monarchy of Charles X
they wanted to change the government to a constitutional monarchy
Identify the effect of Louis
Philippe giving up his throne - the monarchy of France ended
Explain how revolts in France affected other countries of Europe
France's revolts led other countries to demand change
Identify the results of the revolutionary uprisings throughout Europe in 1848:
France
successful
Hungary
unsuccessful
Italy
unsuccessful
Germany
unsuccessful
Identify the leaders of Italian unification
Cavour and Garibaldi
Explain how Great Britain was able to remain stable
gave the industrial middle class the right to vote
Identify the effect of Louis
Napoleon assuming the title of Emperor - control of the armed forces, police, and civil service rested in the hands of the government
Identify the relationship between Austria and Hungary
monarch
Explain how nationalism influenced events in the United States during the 1800s
Americans were divided over the balance of power between the federal and state governments; southern states and northern states were divided among the issue of slavery
Imperialism
the extensions of a nation's power over other lands
Racism
the belief that race determines a person's traits and capabilities
Protectorate
a political unit that depends on another government for its protection
Indirect Rule
a colonial government in which local rulers are allowed to maintain their positions of authority and status
Direct Rule
colonial government in which local elites were removed from power and replaced by a new set of officials brought from the colonizing country
Annex
to incorporate into an existing political unit, such as a city or country
Indigenous
native to a region
Viceroy
a governor who rules as a representative of a monarch
Dollar Diplomacy
diplomacy that seeks to strengthen the power of a country or effect its purposes in foreign relations by the use of its financial resources
Concessions
a political compromise
Identify the purpose of Western nations establishing new colonies after 1880
raw materials for their industries and markets to sell their products
Explain France's interest in Vietnam
rivalry with Britain
Explain the United States' desire to defeat the Philippine guerrilla forces
to gain connection to the markets of China
Contrast indirect and direct rule
indirect rule resulted in fewer changes to life versus direct rule
Explain why Europeans became interested in Africa
raw materials
Describe the significance of the Berlin Conference
European countries needed to settle land disputes in East Africa
Explain the United States' dollar diplomacy
used it to expand its influence in Latin America
Identify the results of the 1904
1905 war between Russia and Japan - Japan won a convincing victory over Russia, becoming the first Asian power in modern times to defeat a European power
Conscription
military draft
Mobilization
the process of assembling troops and supplies and making them ready for war
Propaganda
ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause
Trench Warfare
fighting from ditches protected by barbed wire
War of Attrition
a war based on wearing down the other side with constant attacks and heavy losses
Total War
a war that involved the complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, even those remote from the battlefield
Planned Economies
an economic system directed by government agencies
Soviet
Russian councils composed of representatives from the workers and soldiers
War Communism
government control of banks and most industries, the seizing of grain from peasants, and the centralization of state administration under Communist control
Armistice
a truce or an agreement to end fighting
Mandate
a territory temporarily governed by another country on behalf of the League of Nations
Reparation
a payment made to the victor by the vanquished to cover the costs of war
Identify the factors that contributed to the start of World War I
militarism, web of alliances, imperialism, nationalism
Identify the area where competition for land led to conflict
Africa
Identify the immediate cause of World War I
assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Explain how industrialization affected the growth of the military in the nations of Europe
it led to production of new, more powerful weapons
Explain why Austria
Hungary was concerned about Serbia's independence - Austria - Hungary was worried about its own Slavic minorities
Identify the conditions and effects of trench warfare
stalemate on the Western Front
Explain no
man's - land - strip of territory that separated the troops from each other along the Western Front
Identify the Allies and Central Powers
Allies: Great Britain, France, United States, Russia; Central Powers: Germany, Austria - Hungary, Ottoman Empire
Explain why both sides wanted more allies
nobody was winning the war at the beginning
Explain how Russia was unprepared for war
no competent military leaders
Explain why Russia fell into a civil war
many people opposed the Bolshevik government
Identify the arguments of Woodrow Wilson at the Paris Peace Conference
a League of Nations could prevent future wars from occurring
Explain the terms of the Treaty of Versailles
Germany was forced to pay reparations and return Alsace and Lorraine back to France
Depression
a period of low economic activity and rising unemployment
Collective Bargaining
the right of unions to negotiate with employers over wages and hours
Deficit Spending
when a government pays out more money than it takes in through taxation and other revenues, thus going into debt
Totalitarian State
a government that aims to control the political, economic, social, intellectual, and cultural lives of its citizens
Fascism
a political philosophy that glorifies the state above the individual by emphasizing the need for a strong central government led by a dictatorial ruler
Collectivization
a system in which private farms are eliminated and peasants work land owned by the government
Nazi
shortened form of the German National Socialist German Workers Party
Concentration Camp
a camp where prisoners of war, political prisoners, or members of minority groups are confined, typically under harsh conditions
Aryan
a term used to identify people speaking Indo - European languages
Identify the key issue in enforcing the Treaty of Versailles
payment of reparations
Identify the weaknesses of the League of Nations
the United States did not join the League of Nations and there was no standing army to enforce its decrees
Note
Flashcard