Modules 12 & 13

What is the function of bile?

Breaks down fats into smaller particles

Where is the Lymphatic System located?

Neck, armpits, throat, chest, abdomen and groin.

What are the roles of the Lymphatic System?

➢Restoration of excess interstitial fluid and proteins to the blood

➢Absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) from the digestive system (lacteals in villi of small intestine)

What is the Adaptive Immunity?

• Adaptive immunity is much more sophisticated than the "innate immune response"

• Adaptive immunity involves specialized immune cells and antibodies that attack and destroy foreign invaders and are able to prevent disease in the future by remembering what those substances look like and mounting a new immune response.

What is Innate Immunity?

Innate immunity includes "phagocytic cells," which ingest and destroy microbes

What is Humoral Immunity regulated by?

➢Regulated by B cells and the antibodies they produce ➢Acquired Immunity

What is Cell-mediated (cellular) Immunity regulated by?

➢Regulated by T cells

What do Helper T-cells do?

Helper T cells activate B cells; promote mitosis of both cytotoxic T-cells and B cells

What do Suppressor T-cells do?

Suppressor T cells slow down and stop the immune responses of B and T cells (serve as an "off" switch for the immune system; maintain tolerance to self- and nonself-antigens

What do Cytotoxic (or killer) T-cells do?

Cytotoxic (or killer) T cells destroy body cells infected with viruses or bacteria

Where are the greater omenta found?

The greater omenta can often be found wrapped around areas of infection and trauma

What is the omenta's role in infections?

Immune contribution, having milky spots of macrophage collections Infection and wound isolation

What are the stomach secretions?

•Gastric "Juice": acid secreted by the stomach

•Pepsin: protein breakdown—pepsin produced from pepsinogen (20% of protein breakdown in alimentary tract)—secreted by chief cells

•Gastrin: increases LES (Lower Esophageal Sphincter) tone

How do the Lymphatic and Digestive System intertwine?

➢Absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) from the digestive system (lacteals in villi of small intestine)

Mastication means...

Chewing

Deglutition means...

Swallowing

What is the Digestive System's function?

The Digestive System breaks down food into nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins

What are Lymphocytes?

➢Arise from stem cells in bone marrow

➢Associated with the lymph nodes and spleen