Lesson 110 - Nutrients

What nutrient is a primary energy source?

carbohydrates

What nutrient is essential for building and repairing tissues?

proteins

What nutrient is a concentrated energy source and important for hormone production?

fat

What nutrient is an organic compound needed in small amounts for various metabolic processes?

vitamins

What nutrient is an inorganic element essential for growth, development, and bodily functions?

minerals

What nutrient is crucial for hydration, nutrient transport, and regulating body temperature?

water

What nutrients provide energy?

carbs, proteins, fats

What nutrients regulate the body?

proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water

What nutrients build and repair?

proteins, fats, minerals, water

What are some types of feed?

forages, concentrates, supplements

What is a forage?

plants like grasses, hay, silage

What is a concentrate?

high-energy feeds like grains, oilseeds, and byproducts

What is a supplement?

added to feeds to provide specific nutrients

What are types of pet foods?

kibble/dry food, canned food, homemade/raw diets

What makes up most of an equines diet?

forage

What makes up most of a dogs diet?

water, protein, carbohydrates

What nutrient provides heat when metabolized?

carbohydrates

What nutrient provides storage of energy via fat or glycogen?

carbohydrates

What type of nutrient is fiber?

carbohydrate such as cellulose and hemicellulose

What is fiber?

edible part of a plant that cannot be digested or absorbed in small intestine

What are the functions of fiber?

helps maintain a healthy colon, regulates and promotes healthy bowel function, provides energy for gut microbes

What are the types of proteins?

essential and non-essential

What is crude protein?

amount of nitrogen in the feed

What is lysine, methionine, taurina, tryptophan?

amino acids

What is the backbone of all cell walls?

protein

What is protein broken down into?

energy

What is protein required for?

all tissue growth, replenishment, and repair

What are some important proteins in the body?

blood proteins, antibodies, actin and myosin, enzymes, collagen and elastin, hormones, keratin

What is the most efficient source of energy?

fats

Why is fat added to feed?

boost energy levels when intake may be limited due to poor animal health, less palatable feed, or environmental stress

What is omega 3 and 6?

fats

What are the functions of fats?

energy dense, lipase dependent, long term source of energy, help absorb fat-soluble vitamins, insulation and protection

What are the benefits of omega 3 fatty acids?

enhance the immune system, promotes reproductive efficiency, prevent and tackle the attack of different pathogens

What are some macronutrients?

carbs, fats, proteins, water

What are some micronutrients?

vitamins, minerals

What are the types of vitamins?

fat-soluble and water-soluble

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A, D, E, K

What are the water soluble vitamins?

B complex and C

What type of vitamin can be stored?

fat soluble

What can happen with excess vitamin?

toxicity especially with fat soluble

What is vitamin A?

retinol

What is the role of vitamin A?

maintain vision, skin, myelin, immune, growth

What is the role of vitamin D?

calcium and phosphorus absorption, maintain calcium and phosphorus levels in serum

What is the role of vitamin E?

antioxidant, muscular metabolism, immune support, reproductive health

What is the role of vitamin K?

formation of blood clotting factors, synthesis of prothrombin, bone metabolism

What is the role of vitamin B complex?

components of enzymes to utilize nutrients, nerve function, energy metabolism

What is vitamin c?

ascorbic acid

What is the role of vitamin C?

iron absorption, antioxidant, supports immune health

Where is vitamin A found?

high quality forages, liver, fish oil

Where is vitamin D found?

sun, fish/fish oils, liver, egg, dairy

Where is vitamin E found?

green grass, plant oils, cereal grains

Where is vitamin K found?

liver, fish, green leafy vegetables like alfalfa

Where is vitamin B complex found?

meat, grains, legumes

Where is vitamin C found?

citrus fruits, green leafy vegetables

What are mineral classified as?

macro mineral and micro minerals

What is the function of minerals?

coenzymes and regulators of metabolism

What happens if there is excess minerals?

toxicity

What are the macro minerals?

calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium

What are calcium and phosphorus important for?

bone/teeth and milk formation, muscle contraction, energy metabolism, cell signaling, nerve transmission

What are K, Na, Cl important for?

maintain fluid balance, nerve function, muscle contractions

What is magnesium important for?

energy production, muscle function, bone health, enzyme activity

Where is calcium and phosphorus found?

dairy, legumes, meat, bone meal, limestone

Where is K, Na, Cl found?

salt block, alfalfa, clover, fish meal

Where is magnesium found?

legumes, grains, green leafy vegetables

What are the micro minerals?

iron, zinc, copper, iodine, selenium

What is iron important for?

oxygen transport in blood, energy metabolism

What is zinc important for?

immune function, wound healing/skin health, growth

What is copper important for?

iron metabolism, connective tissue formation, pigmentation of skin and hair, antioxidant

What is iodine important for?

thyroid hormone production, regulation of metabolism, growth and brain development

What is selenium used for?

antioxidant, supports thyroid function, immune system health, reproduction

Where is iron found?

meat, green leafy vegetables, legumes

Where is zinc found?

meat, fish, grains, legumes

Where is copper found?

shellfish, legumes, forages

Where is iodine found?

fish, dairy, iodized salt

Where is selenium found?

fish, red meat, grains

What are essential amino acids?

amino acids not synthesized by the body

What are non essential amino acids?

amino acids synthesized by the body

How are essential amino acids obtained?

diet

Where are essential amino acids available?

in animal products

Where are non essential amino acids available?

in animal and plant products

What are the essential amino acids?

phenylalanine, valine, threonine, tryptophan, isoleucine, methionine, histidine, lysine, and leucine

What are the non essential amino acids?

alanine, arginine, cysteine, tyrosine, glutamine, glutamate, glycine, histidine, serine, asparagine, aspartate, proline