AP Govt. Flash cards 8.1, 8.3, 8.4

Civil liberties

Fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens protected from infringement by the government

Civil rights

Protections from discrimination as a member of a particular group

Bill of Rights

A list of fundamental rights and freedoms that individuals possess. The first 10 amendments to the Constitution are referred to as the Bill of Rights

Establishment Clause

1st Amendment protection against the government requiring citizens to join or support a religion

Free Exercise Clause

1st Amendment protection of the rights of individuals to exercise and express their religious beliefs

Freedom of Expression

A fundamental right affirmed in the 1st Amendment to speak, publish, and protest

Clear and Present Danger Test

Legal standard that speech posing an immediate and serious threat to national security is not protected by the 1st Amendment

Prior Restraint

The suppression of material prior to publication on the grounds that it might endanger national security

Symbolic Speech

Protected expression in form of images, signs, and other symbols

Libel

An untrue written statement that injures a person’s reputation

Slander

An untrue spoken expression that injures a person’s reputation