nonbuilt work parts neonatology

gamete

mature germ cell, either sperm or ovum

conception

beginning of pregnancy when sperm enters ovum (fertilization)

zygote

cell formed by the union of the sperm and ovum

embryo

unborn offspring in the stage of development from implantation of the zygote to the end of the 8th week of pregnancy

fetus

unborn offspring from the beginning of the 9th week of pregnancy until birth

gestation

development of a new individual form conception to birth (pregnancy)

gestation period

duration of pregnancy (38-42 weeks)

implantation

embedding of the zygote in uterine lining

placenta

structure that grows on the wall of the uterus during pregnancy and allows for nourishment of the fetus (afterbirth)

amniotic sac

membranous bag that surrounds the fetus before delivery

chorion

outermost layer of the fetal membrane

amnion

innermost layer of the fetal membrane

amniotic fluid

fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds fetus

umbilicus

navel

abortion

termination of pregnancy by expulsion from the uterus of an embryo ot fetus before viability

abruptio placentae

premature separation of the placenta from uterine wall

eclampsia

severe complication and progression of preeclampsia by convulsion

ectopic pregnancy

pregnancy occuring outside uterus, usually in uterine tubes

placenta previa

abnormally low implantation of placenta on uterine wall completely or partially covering the cervix

preeclampsia

abnormal condition encountered during pregnancy or shortly after delivery characterized by high blood pressure and proteinuria

cleft indicates a 

fissure

cleft lip or palate

congenital split of the lip or roof of mouth, one or both can be present

coarctation of the aorta

congenital stenosis (narrowing) that occurs in arch of the aorta

congential cytomegalovirus infection

herpes type virus that crosses the placenta. Newborns can have jaundice, development delay and hearing loss

congenital heart disease

heart abnormality present at birth

Down syndrome

genetic condition caused by chromosomal abnormality characterized by varying degrees of intellectual, developmental, and physical disorders or defects

erythroblastosis fetalis

condition of the newborn characterized by hemolysis of the erythrocytes

esophageal atresia

congenital absence of part of esophagus

fetal alcohol syndrome

condition caused by excessive alcohol consumption by mother during pregnancy

gastroschisis

congential fissure of the abdominal wall that is not at the umbilicus

respiratory distress syndrome

respiratory complication in the newborn, especially premature infants

spina bifida

congenital defect in the vertebral column caused by failure of the vertebral arch to close

cervical cerclage

suturing the cervix closed to prevent dilation and premature baby

cesarean section (C section)

birth of a fetus through an incision in the mother’s abdomen and uterus

in vitro fertilization

method of fertilizing human ova outside the body and placing the zygote into uterus

nuchal translucency

ultrasound test to check the back of the fetal neck for extra fluid or thickening. Usually checked by 11-13 weeks

quad screen

blood test preformed during second trimester measuring 4 hormone levels that can reveal increased risk for certain disorders

Apgar score

system for rapid neonatal assessment at 1-5 minutes after birth Heart rate, muscle tone, respirations, response to stimulation and color

chorionic villus sampling

prenatal test that takes a sample of the area of blood supply in the placenta either through  abdominal wall or vagina

primi

first

nulli

no

colostrum

thin milky fluid secreted by the breast during pregnancy and during first days after birth before lactation begins

lochia

vaginal discharge after birth

quickening

first feeling of movement of fetus in utero

midwife

individual who practices midwifery

midwifery

practice of assisting in childbirth

obstetrician 

physician who specializes in obstetrics 

obstetrics

medical specialty dealing with pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium

breech presentation

birth position in which the butt, feet or knees emerge first

cephalic presentation

birth position in which any part of the head emerges first

in vitro

outside the body or in a lab setting

in vivo

within living body

lactation

secretion of milk

parturition

act of giving birth

puerperium

period from delivery until the reproductive organs return to normal

congenital anomaly

abnormality present at birth, usually found before birth

meconium

first stool of the newborn (greenish black)

gavage

process of feeding through a tube

premature infant

infant before before 37 weeks of gestation

stillborn

born dead after 20 weeks of pregnancy