APUSH (Periods 1-5)

Jamestown

1607; First English settlement settled by Virginia Company

House of Burgesses

1619; First elected legislative assembly established in Virginia

Plymouth

1620; First permanent English settlement in New England

Maryland

1635; safe haven for Christians and Catholics, religious freedom

Maryland Act of Toleration

1649; Ensured religious freedom for settlers

Pennsylvania & Quakers

1685; Model of religious liberty, respected Native Americans, Founded by William Penn

Bacon’s Rebellion

1676-77; Held by Virginia settlers, Bacon against Governer William Berkley when ho refused to let Bacon drive Natives out of Virginia. Significant because it was the most serious challenge to royal authority

1st Great Awakening

1730-40; Johnathan Edwards and George Whitefield emphasized spiritual devotion, individualism, and freedom- ideals contributed to American rev

Albany Plan

1754; John Adams attempt to create a confederation

7 years war/French and Indian War

1754-63; led to the American rev, French gave the British all their land in the Americas. Showed Americans how different they were from the British.

Proclamation of 1763

Prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains

Sugar Act

1764; First law specifically aimed at raising colonial money for the crown

Stamp Act

1765; helped pay for British troops stationed in the colonies

Virtual Representation

1765 ish; Idea that members elected to parliament represented the whole British empire, colonists were technically represented

Stamp Act Congress

1765; A group of colonial delegates who met in NYC to propose resolutions. Declared that only colonists’ elected representatives could tax them

Declaratory Act

1766; Parliment could make laws binding American colonies “in all cases whatsoever”

Townshend Act

1767; Taxes on glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea. Later repealed in 1770 due to widespread protest from American ports

Boston Massacre + Boston Tea Party

1770, 1773

Coercive/Inolerable Acts

1774; Act passed to punish the Massachusetts Bay colony for the Boston Tea Party. Closed the Boston Harbor

First Continental Congress

1774; delegates from 12/13 colonies discussed America’s future. Agreed that colonists should have the same rights as Englishmen

Second Continental Congress

1775; Drafted the Declaration of Independence and met after the Rev. war already started

Battles of Lexington and Concord

1775; beginning of the Revolutionary War resulting in American victory

Olive Branch Petition

1775; was sent to the King as a last attempt to prevent war. Emphasized their rights as British citizens

Common Sense

1776

Articles of Confederation

adopted 1777, in effect 1781-89

Saratoga

1778; American victory that led to the Franco-American Alliance

Treaty of Paris

1783

Constitutional Convention

1787; secret gathering to initially revise the AOC but eventually to draft a new constitution

Great compromise

1787; Established proportional representation in the House of Reps but equal representation in the Senate. Virginia plan = proportional representation; New Jersey plan = Equal representation

3/5 compromise

1787; 3 out of every five slaves was counted when determining a state’s population for legislative representation and taxation

Constitution is effective

1789

Bill of Rights

1791

Election of Washington

1789

2nd Great Awakening

1790s - 1840s, peaked in the 1820-30s; Protestant religious revival that set the stage for abolition, temperance, and feminism. Lead by people like Charles Finney. Mormons, Shakers, and women were all inspired.

Farewell Address

1797

Alien and Sedition Acts

1798

Marbury v Madison

1803, established judicial review

Louisiana Purchase

1803; territory aquired from French by Jefferson

James Madison

1809 - 1817, Democratic-Republican

War of 1812 (effects)

Americans became less reliant on British trade, Symbolized an end of Native American’s ability to stop expansion, destroyed Federalist party

Treaty of Ghent

1814; ended the War of 1812 and essentially maintained prewar conditions

Hartford Convention

1814/right after War of 1812; federalists drafted constitutional amendments against democratic-republicans since they strongly opposed the war since it was detrimental to New England trade.

Embargo Act of 1807

Shut down American imports and exports which resulted in disaster in New England’s economy, welcomed smuggling in

Non-Intercourse Act of 1809

Reopened trade with everyone except Britain and France

Era of Good Feelings

1812-1819; Only 1 political party present - Democratic-Republicans

James Monroe

1817-1825; Democratic-Republican

Corrupt Bargain

During election of 1824 there was a tie meaning the president would be chosen through the HOR. Clay chose JQA over Jackson and Adams proceeded to make Clay Sec. of state causing Jackson to label it a corrupt bargain.

John Quincy Adams

1825-29; won the presidency as a Democratic-republican but later became a Whig

McCulloch v Maryland

1819; Congress has implied powers, Federal laws are supreme over State laws

Adam-onis Treaty

1819; gave Florida to the US

Monroe Doctrine

1823; Europe stays out of the Western Hemisphere, US stays out of Europe. Gave US the power to interfere in the Western Hemisphere if its security was threatened

Missouri Compromise

1820; admitted Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state, established the 36 30 parallel. Also split the Democratic-Republicans

Andrew Jackson

1829-1837; Formed the democratic party

Indian Removal Act

1830; Authorized president to grant land west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within states

Tariff of 1828/Abominations

Raised taxes on imported manufacturers to reduce foreign competition with American manufacturing. Negatively impacted Southerners.

Tariff of 1832

Failed to lower tax rates from the Tariff of 1828 to an acceptable level, South Carolina nullified the tariff and a Force Bill was put into place to enforce the tariff

Specie Circular

1836; Jackson’s executive order that required payment for the purchase of public lands be made exclusively in gold or silver. Congress overturned it in the last few days of Jackson’s administration.

Nat Turner’s rebellion

During Jackson’s administration; Slave insurrection when Nat Turner killed 60 white people. In retaliation, 200 enslaved people were executed and slave codes were implemented.

Panic of 1837

Occurred just as Martin Van Buren took office, Buren made it worse by continuing Jackson’s policy of hard currency and the Panic caused MVB to lose the next election.

Wave of Irish immigration

1840-1850, worked in factories in the North and were generally unskilled and Catholic

Canal Era

1800s - 1850 when railroads became a faster way of travel. Erie Canal was one of the most succesful and made the Northeast the center of commerce

Texas made into a state

1845

German immigration 1800s

settled in the west

Southern paternalism

Perception of Black people as childlike and unable to take care of themselves

Seneca Falls convention

1848; held by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott

American Colonization Society

1816; Sought to put freed slaves in Liberia, Africa. Supported by Henry Clay

William Lloyd Garrison

Immediatist, founded the American Anti-slavery society and published in an abolitionist newspaper called the Liberator.

Gag rule

1836-1844; Prevented antislavery petitions from being read, discussed, or debated on the House floor.

Oregon treaty

1846; established the British-American border in the Oregon territory

Wilmot Proviso

1846; unsuccessful proposal in Congress to ban slavery in territory acquired from Mexico in the Mexican-American War.

Mexican-American War

1846-1848; Causes: Mexican unwillingness to recognize Texas as a state, American desire for westward expansion

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

1848; Ended the Mexican-American war, Mexico ceded lots of land to the US, reopened the slavery issue.

Compromise of 1850

Fugitive Slave Act established, slave trade in DC was abolished, California entered as a free state, slave states were entered to balance it out

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852, published by Harriet Beecher Stowe

Kansas-Nebraska Act

1854; Promoted by Senator Stephen Douglas, repealed the Missouri Compromise, ended the Whig party, created 2 new territories, and allowed for popular sovereignty. Anti-slavery supporters were outraged because under the Missouri Compromise, both territories would have outlawed slavery

Personal Liberty Laws

Laws passed after the Kansas-Nebraska Act by Northerners that weakened the Fugitive Slave Act

Bleeding Kansas

Raids led by John Brown on proslavery camps in Kansas following the Kansas-Nebraska Act

Caning of Sumner

After the Kansas Nebraska Act, Andrew Butler brutally beat abolitionist Charles Sumner

Dred Scott decision

During Buchanan’s presidency, 1857; Black people were not citizens and therefore could not sue in federal courts, Congress could not regulate slavery in the territories. Ruling nullified the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Chief Justice Roger Taney

Proslavery and ruled in the Dred Scott case

Freeport Doctrine

Douglas destroyed his political career in an attempt to defend popular sovereignty

South Carolina Seceded

1860, 3 months before Lincoln’s inauguration

Fort Sumpter

First battle of the Civil War, South attacked Fort Sumpter and won

Border States

Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland; slave states that fought for the Union

Antietam

1862; First battle fought in the East where the Union wasn’t completely defeated. Gave lincoln the platform to announce the Emancipation Proclamation. Showed Britain and France the Union wasn’t a lost cause.

Gettysburg

Massive union win that served as a confidence boost for the Union

Gettysburg Address

redefined the war as a battle to not only preserve the Union, but also for human equality

Emancipacion Proclamation

declared that all slaves within the confederacy are free. Did not include the border states. Allowed southern states to rejoin the union without giving up slavery.

13th ammendment

abolished slavery

14th ammendment

1865; Equal protection of the law, prohibited states from depriving any citizen of “life, liberty, or property”, If you are born in the US, you are a citizen, Freedmen must vote or their population will not be counted.

15th ammendment

1869; right for all male citizens to vote

Hampton Road Conference

Lincoln tried to negotiate a settlement with the Southern leaders following the Civil War but it was not effective

Copperheads

Also known as Peace Democrats, opposed the Civil War and wanted immediate peace with the Confederates. Accused Lincoln of wanting to destroy the South.

New York during Civil War

Opposed the war, home to draft riots. Immigrants already victim to nativism resented being dragged into the war.

Sherman’s March

1864; Union army burned everything in sight to destroy confederate morale and deplete material resources

10% Plan

Lincoln’s plan for reconstruction. 10% of southern voters must swear an oath of allegiance and accept emancipation through the 13th ammendment. Lincoln had no intention of punishing the South.

Wade-Davis Bill

1864; Congress’s bill for reconstruction that confed states would be ruled by a military governer and 50% of voters must swear allegiance. Lincoln pocket-vetoed it

Johnson’s reconstruction plan

The creation of provisional military governments required all southern citizens to swear a loyalty oath and barred former southern elites from taking the vow which prohibited their involvement in the government. Did not require states to give Black people the right to vote. The plan didn’t work as Johnson pardoned many elite.

Special Field Order No. 15

Order made by General Sherman that stated that land seized from Confederates was to be redistributed among new freedmen. Johnson rescinded the order.

Congressional Reconstruction

Plan that came after Johnson’s. Included the 14th ammendment. Also excused the Confederacy’s war debt and prohibited prominent confederates from holding political office.