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Play
A universal activity that allows children to learn and practice physical, cognitive, and social skills.
Solitary Play
Playing alone, unaware of others.
Onlooker Play
Watching others play without interacting.
Parallel Play
Playing with similar toys but not interacting.
Associative Play
Interacting with others while not playing the same game.
Cooperative Play
Playing together, taking turns, and following rules.
Social Skills Development
Skills developed through play, enabling cooperative interactions by the end of preschool.
Role of Peers
Peers provide social information and models essential for developing social skills.
Rough and Tumble Play
A type of play mimicking aggression through wrestling or chasing, aiding social understanding.
Social Dramatic Play
Play that allows children to act out roles and themes, helping them understand social roles.
Impact of Lack of Play
Limited social play can lead to unhappiness and fewer social skills, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Excessive Screen Time
Can negatively affect children's development, including social skills and emotional regulation.
American Academy of Pediatrics Recommendations
Suggests no more than 1 hour of screen time per day for preschoolers.
Changes in Screen Time
Trends show increasing total screen time and mobile device usage over the years.
Behavioral Problems
Excessive screen time is associated with behavioral issues in children.
Interactive Media
Media that allows user interaction, beneficial for learning when used with parental involvement.
Parenting Styles
Varying approaches to parenting that influence children's development and behavior.
Authoritarian Parenting
High standards and strict punishment with low communication.
Permissive Parenting
High nurturing with low discipline and few rules.
Authoritative Parenting
Balanced approach with reasonable expectations and two-way communication.
Uninvolved Parenting
Low warmth and communication, often neglectful.
Long-Term Outcomes
Involved parents lead to better outcomes; uninvolved parents risk negative effects on children.
Corporal Punishment
Discipline methods that inflict physical pain, often ineffective long-term.
Psychological Control
Discipline involving threats to withdraw love and support.
Time Out
A discipline method separating the child from activities for a period.
Induction or Reasoning
Explaining to children why their behavior was wrong, effective with older children.
Taking Away Privileges
A discipline method that involves removing toys or privileges as a consequence.
Note 
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