Civil Rights fab 5 (FP1, 2, some of 4) SO NEED TO ADD 3,5, geog

13th Amendment ratified _____

______ new freedmen

Dec 1865

4m

Creation of Freedman’s Bureau _____

______ spent in 5 years on education

1865

$6m

riots following 13th Amendment in _____ TN and _______ LA in ______

Memphis, New Orleans, 1866

Black Codes

1865-66

Lincoln Assassinated - Johnson president

April 1965

Johnson Reconstruction proclamations - LENIENT on Southern states

May 1965

Johnson vetoes Civil Rights Bill (but later overridden by Congress)

April 1866

Failure of land redistribution:

Sherman’s “Special Field Order no. 15” in ______

_____ acres in ___ acre sections

basis for slogan “__________”

Later overridden by Johnson

Jan 1965

400,000, 40

40 acres and a mule

14th Amendment ratified ________

only after Military Reconstruction Act in ______

Jul 1868

1867

15th Amendment ratified

1870

2 black senators during reconstruction

Hiram Revels

Blanche K Bruce

Freedman’s Bureau closes

1872

2 examples of white violent organizations in the South (Not the KKK)

Knights of the White Camelia

The White League

KKK lynched ____ between 1868 and 1871

400

political violence:

black Mississippi state senator ______ murdered in _____

Charles Caldwell, 1875

Federal response to violence:

President Grant’s enforcement acts in ______ and ______

KKK act in _______

1870 and 1871

1871

Colfax massacre, (state) _______ in _________

______ black Americans killed, half in cold blood after surrender

Louisiana, 1873

280

______ Plan, _____

white supremacists “redeem” state gov

Mississippi, 1875

supreme court cases important in ending reconstruction:

Slaughterhouse ruling _____ - did what?

US vs Reese ______ - ?

US vs Cruikshank _______ - ?

1873, narrow interpretation of 14th

1876, 15th alone does not guarantee voting rights

1876, fed gov not to try perpetrators of racial crimes

Hayes compromise _____

what does it do?

1876

Hayes to withdraw northern troops from south

Civil Rights Cases _____

what did they declare unconstitutional?

1883

1875 Civil Rights Act

Which state first introduced segregation on railway carriages and when?

Florida, 1887

education disparity:

in 1910, South Carolina spent average of ___ per white pupil

____ per black pupil

$40.68

$5.95

_____ first state to alter constitution to entrench disenfranchisement (poll tax, literacy tests) in ____

Mississippi, 1890

impact of disenfranchisement:

by 1900, only ____ of black males could vote in south

no southern black congressmen between ___ and ____

3%

1901 and 1972

Plessy vs Ferguson _____

established doctrine of “__________”

1896

“separate but equal”

Williams vs Mississippi _____

what was not against 15th?

1898

literacy tests, poll tax

Cumming vs Richmond County Board of Education _____

sanctioned de jure segregation of _____

1899

schools

estimated ______ lynching victims 1880-1930

3,220

public lynchings common e.g. _________ in Texas in _______

Henry Smith, 1893

Brown vs Board _____

BUT de facto change slow: only ___% of blacks in mixed schools by 1957

1954

3%

Little Rock ____

Eisenhower send ____ troops to protect ___ black students and force school desegregation

1957

1,000, 9

Browder vs Gayle ______

key to success of __________

1956

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Boynton vs Virginia ______

de facto change only brought about by Freedom Rides in _____

1960

1961

Voting Rights Act _____

number of black voters registered in the South goes from ______ to _______ by 1968

1965

1m to 3.1m

Watts LA riots _____

__ dead

__ injured

__ arrested

1965

34

1,000

3,500

Detroit riot _____

____ dead

_____ injured

_____ arrested

1967

43

1,189

7,231