3.1-3.4 APHuG

Material Culture

Objects that people and/or society give value to

Nonmaterial Culture

Consists of the ideas and/or beliefs an individual or society has

Subculture

A smaller groups within a larger culture

Identity

Shaped of:

• Ethnicity

• Religion

• Language

• Sexual Orientation

• Age

• Nationality

• Gender

• Socioeconomic status

Modern Culture/ Pop Culture

The set of ideas, practices, beliefs, and objects that are prevalent and widely accepted within mainstream society at a given time

Folk Culture

The cultural practices of small, homogeneous groups living in traditional societies

Indigenous Culture

People who originated at a geographic location and still practice their beliefs today

• Distinct social and cultural groups that share collective ancestral ties to the lands and natural resources where they live, occupy or from which they have been displaced

Ethnocentrism

The practice of analyzing or judging a culture by the standards of one’s own culture

Cultural Relativism

The practice of analyzing or judging a culture by its own standards

Cultural Landscape

made up of structures within the physical landscape caused by human imprint/human activities.

Sequence Occupancy

How cultures overtime have impacted the geographic location

Traditional Architecture

Uses resources from the local area and incorporates the local culture and resources of the area

Modern Architecture

Function over design

• Does not incorporate local culture into design

Postmodern Architecture

Strives to create a unique look that incorporates local culture into the design

Place

A specific point on the Earth’s surface that has one or more unique characteristics

Placemaking

The process of a community coming together and transforming a public space for different activities or events

Centripetal Forces

Aspects of a society that unite people and bring them together

Centrifugal Forces

Aspects of a society that divide a group of people and push them apart.

Diffusion

The spread of a cultural element, item, group of people, disease, or phenomenon from one place to another

Hearth

The location in which an idea, culture, belief, or item originated

Relocation Diffusion

Happens when a culture or group of people physically move from one place to another

Expansion Diffusion

Sees the addition of more people practicing or taking on the cultural trait. The hearth remains strong as the cultural trait, group of people, or items expand outward

Hierarchical Diffusion

Trait is adopted from top to down throughout systems (typically from some sort of power)

Reverse Hierarchical Diffusion

Cultural Trait diffuses from groups that are at the bottom of a system to the top. Small community to large.

Contagious DIffusion

The trait is spread quickly and everywhere. Has little to no barriers which allow the trait to expand away from the Hearth in all directions

Stimulus Diffusion

The trait changes as it diffuses. The underlying trait remains the same, the trait just takes on aspects on the environment or culture it is diffusing to