Functional Groups

hydroxyl group

polar due to the electronegativity to oxygen, are alcohols, usually ends in -ol,

an example of hydroxyl group

ethanol

carbonyl group

polar due to the high electronegativity being pulled to oxygen, has ketoses and aldehydes

examples of carbonyl group

acetone

carboxyl group

acts as an acid, because the covalent bond is so polar, compound name is carboxylic + organic acid

example of carboxyl group

acetic acid

amino group

base, can pick up H+ from the surrounding solution, compound name: amine

example of amino group

glycine

sulfurhydryl group

forms a cross-link, stabalizes protein structure, used for perms, compound name: thiol

examples of sulfurhydryl group

cytesine

phosphate group

contributes negative charge, confers on a molecule the ability to react with water

examples of phosphate

adenosine triphosphate

methyl groups

affects the expression of genes when bonded to DNA, affects the shape and formation of male and female hormones, compound name: methylated

examples of methyl

methanol