Homeostasis, Feedback Loops, and Monomers

Homeostasis

the process by which living things maintain steady and tolerable physical and chemical condition; maintaining balance

Negative Feedback Loop

when a stimulus which is deviant from a set point is resistant to something and returns body to homeostasis

Negative Feedback Loop Process

Stimulus —> Sensor —> Control —> Effector —> Response

Positive Feedback Loop

change in the body’s status, rather than a return to homeostasis

Organic

carbon based, frequently C—H bonds (referring to chemical composition)

4 Main Organic Macromolecules

Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Carbohydrates, and Proteins

Lipids

Fats and oils

Nucleic Acids

DNA and RNA

Carbohydrates

simple sugars, complex sugars (glucose)

Proteins

Enzymes, hemoglobin, etc.

Macromolecules

Made by building blocks and some are made of monomers or several copies of a single unit, monomers link to form polymers

Monosasharide

Consists of 1 monomer and an example would be glucose

Disaccharide

Consists of 2 monomer and an example would be sucrose

Polyscaccharide

Many monomers and an example would be a starch, carbs, etc.

3 Main Categories of Symmetry

Asymmetry, Radial symmetry, and Bilateral symmetry

Asymmetry

There is no symmetry of the organism and a lack of balanced portions in the components of the organism, ex: CORAL

Radial Symmetry

An organism has multiple planes that mirror one another, ex: STARFISH, SEA URCHIN

Bilateral Symmetry

One side mirrors the other side, ex: HUMANS

Does the earthworm have a lymphatic system?

No, the earthworm does not have a lymphatic system meaning they do not have lymph nodes and other components

How many hearts does the earth worm have?

The earthworm has 5 hearts or 5 aortic arches.

Dorsal veins are connected to the _______ of the earthworm.

Hearts

The brain is located on the ______ side of the earthworm.

Dorsal (posterior)

The __________ is located on the ventral of the earthworm.

nerve cord

Digestive Tract of Earthworm

Mouth —> pharynx —> esophagus —> crop (stores food) —> gizzard (mechanical grinding) —> intestine

Worms are __________.

Hermaphrodites

Seminal Vesicles

Make sperm

Citellum

releases a cocoon, eggs released with sperm, fertilization happens externally

Nephridia

excretory organs found in MOST segments which release nitrogenous waste

Hermaphrodite

possession of both male and female reproductive organs

Sensor

AKA the receptor that monitors physiological value

Control Center

component in feedback loop that compares value to the normal range

Effector

component in feedback system that causes to reverse the system and return to normal range

Response

the body’s final reaction to the original stimulus

Nucleotide

building block of nucleic Acids

Amino Acid

Building block of protein

Glycerol Acid/fatty acids

Building block of lipids

Simple sugars/Monosaccharide

Building blocks of carbohydrates

Meat, seafood, vegetables like spinach

Foods that Nucleic acid is found in, it can be found in any living organism

Butter and cheese

Foods that include lipids

Eggs, Chicken breast, Lentils

Foods that include protein

Apples, Pasta, Rice, Candy

Foods with carbohydrates