HTH 210 Unit 7.2 DDT

tracheostenosis

narrowing of the trachea

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

unexpected and unexplained death of apparently well infant; child stops breathing for unknown reasons

pertussis

bacterial infection of upper respiratory system; characterized by whooping cough

pharyngitis

inflammation of the pharynx; commonly called a sore throat

aspiration

withdrawing fluid using suction; also, inhaling food or liquid into the trachea

dyspnea

difficult or labored breathing

silicosis

type of pneumoconiosis; accumulation of silica dust in the lungs

pleural rub

grating sound made when the layers of the pleura rub together during respiration

rhinitis

inflammation of the nasal cavity

thoracalgia

chest pain; not angina pectoris

histoplasmosis

fungal infection of the lungs

pneumoconiosis

accumulation of foreign particles, such as coal dust, in the lungs

bronchiectasis

dilated bronchi

tuberculosis (TB)

bacterial lung infection; results in inflammation and calcification of the lungs; incidence is on the rise and the condition is common in immunocompromised patients

crackles

abnormal crackling sound during inspiration; indicates fluid or mucus in airway; also called rales

severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

acute viral respiratory infection; begins like the flu but quickly progresses; has very high mortality rate in people over 65

pleurisy

inflammation of the pleura; characterized by sharp pain with each breath

anoxia

inability to obtain oxygen from inhaled air

rhinomycosis

fungal infection of the nasal cavity

aphonia

inability to produce sound

cystic fibrosis (CF)

genetic condition; produces very thick mucus that causes severe congestion in the lungs and digestive tract

anosmia

lack of the sense of smell

diphtheria

bacterial infection characterized by formation of thick membranous film across throat and high mortality rate

bronchogenic carcinoma

cancerous tumor originating in bronchi

patent

open or unblocked

shortness of breath (SOB)

indicates that a patient is having difficulty breathing; also called dyspnea

middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS)

life-threatening viral respiratory illness; symptoms include fever, cough, and SOB

asthma

difficulty breathing caused by bronchospasms, dyspnea, coughing, and wheezing

adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

acute respiratory failure; characterized by tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, and hypoxemia

legionnaires’ disease

severe bacterial infection causing pneumonia and liver and kidney damage

pulmonary fibrosis

formation of fibrous scar tissue in the lung; leads to reduced ability to expand lungs

hypopnea

taking shallow breaths

hypoxemia

having insufficient oxygen in the bloodstream

emphysema

chronic lung condition characterized by destruction of alveolar walls

asbestosis

type of pneumoconiosis; collection of asbestos fibers in the lungs

bronchiectasis

type of pneumoconiosis; collection of asbestos fibers in the lungs

tachypnea

breathing fast; high respiratory rate

hypoventilation

breathing too slow and too shallow

rhinorrhagia

rapid flow of blood from the nose

atelectasis

condition in which alveoli in a portion of the lung collapse; prevents gas exchange in the lung

empyema

accumulation of pus in the pleural space; also called pyothorax

epistaxis

a nosebleed

pulmonary edema

accumulation of an excessive amount of fluid in the lung tissues

pleural effusion

accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity; prevents the lungs from fully expanding

hypercapnia

excessive carbon dioxide in the body

croup

acute respiratory condition in children; characterized by barking type of cough

cheyne-stokes respiration

abnormal breathing pattern with long periods of apnea followed by deep and rapid breathing

hemothorax

the presence of blood in the chest cavity

stridor

harsh, high-pitched breathing sound; indicates obstruction in the airway

cyanosis

blue skin caused by low oxygen in blood

mycoplasma pneumonia

less severe but longer lasting form of bacterial pneumonia; also called walking pneumonia

orthopnea

difficulty breathing, made worse by lying flat; patient breathes better sitting up

hyperpnea

taking deep breaths

dysphonia

difficulty producing sound or producing abnormal sound

infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)

most common in premature infants; characterized by tachypnea and respiratory grunting; sometimes called hyaline membrane disease

bradypnea

breathing too slowly; low respiratory rate

sputum

phlegm coughed up from respiratory tract

bronchitis

inflammation of a bronchus

rhonchi

musical sound during expiration; caused by bronchial tube spasms

clubbing

abnormal widening and thickening of fingers and toes due to chronic oxygen deficiency

pyothorax

presence of pus in the chest cavity; indicative of bacterial infection

rhinorrhea

fluid discharge from the nose; runny nose

influenza (flu)

viral infection of the respiratory system

laryngitis

inflammation of the larynx

pleurodynia

pleural pain

hemoptysis

coughing up blood or blood-stained sputum

phlegm

thick mucus secreted by the respiratory membranes

pulmonary embolism (PE)

Obstruction of the pulmonary artery by a floating blood clot; causes infarct of lung tissue

asphyxia

lack of oxygen; can lead to unconsciousness and death

bronchospasm

involuntary contraction of smooth muscle in bronchial walls

pneumothorax

collection of air in the pleural cavity; may result in a collapsed lung

eupnea

normal breathing and respiratory rate

laryngoplegia

paralysis of the muscles controlling the larynx

hyperventilation

breathing too fast and too deep

apnea

not breathing

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

progressive, chronic, and usually irreversible group of conditions; lungs have decreased capacity to function

anthracosis

type of pneumoconiosis; collection of coal dust in the lungs; also called black lung or miner's lung

pansinusitis

inflammation of all the paranasal sinuses

nasopharyngitis

inflammation of the nose and pharynx; usually called the common cold

pneumonia

inflammatory condition of the lungs; results in alveoli and air spaces filling with fluid

hypoxia 

receiving an insufficient amount of oxygen from inhaled air

hypocapnia

insufficient levels of carbon dioxide in the blood

sleep apnea

breathing stops repeatedly during sleep; causes a drop in oxygen levels