Biology Midterm

All living things are made of…

Cells

What is the IV?

What “I” control

What are the graphs and their purpose?

Pie- percentages

Bar- comparison

Line- change over time

Characteristics of Life

Reproduction

Growth

Organization

Energy

Homeostasis

Made of Cells

Example of Homeostasis

Sweating when you have a fever

Order of organization; COL

Cells → tissue → organs → organ system→ organism

Location of IV and DV on graph

IV= x

DV= y

How many IVs should an experiment have?

One

Source of energy (organic compound)

ATP/glucose

Carbs are made of…

CHO (1:2:1)

Enzymes are known as…

Proteins

Importance of carbs and lipids:

Energy storage

Why do water and oil not mix?

Water = Polar

Oil = Nonpolar

Organelle photosynthesis takes place in:

Chloroplast

Where is genetic info stored?

DNA=Genetic info

Stored in the nucleus

Purpose of mitochondria:

Energy production by way of cellular respiration

Organisms that go through photosynthesis

Autotrophs

Organisms that go through cellular respiration

All organisms

If CO2 is removed from the plant environment, what happens?

Photosynthesis can’t occur.

What gas is given off by plants

Oxygen

Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells

Circular, has cell wall, simple cell

Difference between plant and animal cells

Vacuole, chloroplast, cell wall

What molecule makes up the cell membrane?

Phospholipids

Osmosis is the movement of what?

Water

Active transport requires what?

Energy (ATP)

What does selectively permeable mean?

The cell membrane chooses what goes in and out.

What type of molecule passes through the cell membrane easily?

Small, uncharged, and nonpolar

What happens to a cell during osmosis?

Gets bigger, smaller, or stays the same

What is a constant internal environment?

Homeostasis

What would happen if pure water were given to you by IV?

HypOtonic osmosis / the cell would swell

How does diffusion cause molecules to move?

Gradient; passive- High → Low

What is endocytosis and exocytosis?

Endocytosis: Going into the cell

Exocytosis- Leaving the cell

Example of asexual reproduction;

Binary fission

Asexual reproduction advantages;

Fast; clones

Parts of Nucelotide

Phosphate, sugar group, and nitrogen babe

Role of hydrogen bonds in DNA

Bonds the base pairs

Shape of DNA

Double Helix

What are proteins made up of?

Amino Acids

What elements make up carbs?

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio

Where do you find genetic information (DNA)?

Nucleus

What macromolecule stores excess energy?

Lipids

Photosynthesis definition:

Using sunlight to make food (glucose) for plants

Where does cellular respiration take place?

Mitochondria

How do you change the rate of photosynthesis/ cellular respiration?

Increase/decrease elements

Increase/decrease temperature

Enzymes

Is maintaining homeostasis positive or negative feedback?

Negative (Closer to normal)

Type of feedback that increases the change;

Positive (further from normal)