Medterm Disease Chapter 3

Medical Terminology Diseases Chapter 3

DIAGNOSIS Suffix: -graph

Meaning: instrument for recording data | Example: polygraph

Definition: instrument used to record many physiological responses simultaneously; lie detector

DIAGNOSIS Suffix: -graphy

Meaning: act of recording data | Example: echography

Definition: recording data obtained by ultrasound

DIAGNOSIS Suffix: -gram

Meaning: a record of data | Example: electrocardiogram

Definition: record of the heart's electrical activity

DIAGNOSIS Suffix: -meter

Meaning: instrument for measuring | Example: calorimeter

Definition: instrument for measuring the caloric energy of food

DIAGNOSIS Suffix: -metry

Meaning: measurement of | Example: audiometry

Definition: measurement of hearing (audi/o); root metr/o means "measure"

DIAGNOSIS Suffix: -scope

Meaning: instrument for viewing or examining | Example: bronchoscope

Definition: instrument for examining the bronchi (breathing passages)

DIAGNOSIS Suffix: -scopy

Meaning: examination of | Example: celioscopy

Definition: examination of the abdominal cavity (celi/o)

SURGERY Suffix: -centesis

Meaning: puncture, tap | Example: thoracentesis

Definition: puncture of the chest (thorac/o)

SURGERY Suffix: -desis

Meaning: binding, fusion | Example: pleurodesis

Definition: binding of the pleura (membranes around the lungs)

SURGERY Suffix: -ectomy

Meaning: excision, surgical removal | Example: hepatectomy

Definition: excision of liver tissue (hepat/o)

SURGERY Suffix: -pexy

Meaning: surgical fixation | Example: hysteropexy

Definition: surgical fixation of the uterus (hyster/o)

SURGERY Suffix: -plasty

Meaning: plastic repair, plastic surgery, reconstruction | Example: rhinoplasty

Definition: plastic surgery of the nose (rhin/o)

SURGERY Suffix: -rrhaphy

Meaning: surgical repair, suture | Example: herniorrhaphy

Definition: surgical repair of a hernia (herni/o)

SURGERY Suffix: -stomy

Meaning: surgical creation of an opening | Example: tracheostomy

Definition: creation of an opening into the trachea (trache/o)

SURGERY Suffix: -tome

Meaning: instrument for incising (cutting) | Example: microtome

Definition: instrument for cutting thin sections of tissue for microscopic study

SURGERY Suffix: -tomy

Meaning: incision, cutting | Example: laparotomy

Definition: surgical incision of the abdomen (lapar/o)

SURGERY Suffix: -tripsy

Meaning: crushing | Example: neurotripsy

Definition: crushing of a nerve (neur/o)

DRUGS Root: hypn/o

Meaning: sleep | Example: hypnosis

Definition: induced state of sleep

DRUGS Root: narc/o

Meaning: stupor | Example: narcotic

Definition: agent that induces a state of stupor with decreased sensation

DRUGS Root: pharm, pharmac/o

Meaning: drug, medicine | Example: pharmacy

Definition: the science of preparing and dispensing drugs, or the place where these activities occur

DRUGS Root: pyr/o, pyret/o

Meaning: fever | Example: antipyretic

Definition: counteracting fever

DRUGS Root: tox/o, toxic/o

Meaning: poison, toxin | Example: toxicity

Definition: state of being poisonous

DRUGS Root: vas/o

Meaning: vessel | Example: vasodilation

Definition: widening of a vessel

DRUGS Suffix: -lytic

Meaning: dissolving, reducing, loosening | Example: thrombolytic

Definition: agent that dissolves a blood clot (thrombus)

DRUGS Suffix: -mimetic

Meaning: mimicking, simulating | Example: sympathomimetic

Definition: mimicking the effects of the sympathetic nervous system

DRUGS Suffix: -tropic

Meaning: acting on | Example: psychotropic

Definition: acting on the mind (psych/o)

DRUGS Prefix: anti-

Meaning: against | Example: antiemetic

Definition: drug that prevents vomiting (emesis)

DRUGS Prefix: contra-

Meaning: against, oppose | Example: contraceptive

Definition: preventing conception

DRUGS Prefix: counter-

Meaning: opposite, against | Example: countertransport

Definition: movement in an opposite direction

DISEASE Root: alg/o, algi/o, algesi/o

Meaning: pain | Example: algesia

Definition: condition of having pain

DISEASE Root: carcin/o

Meaning: cancer, carcinoma | Example: carcinoid

Definition: resembling a carcinoma

DISEASE Root: cyst/o, cyst/i

Meaning: filled sac or pouch, cyst, bladder | Example: cystic

Definition: pertaining to or having cysts

DISEASE Root: lith

Meaning: calculus, stone | Example: lithiasis

Definition: stone formation

DISEASE Root: onc/o

Meaning: tumor | Example: oncogenic

Definition: causing a tumor

DISEASE Root: path/o

Meaning: disease | Example: pathogen

Definition: organism that produces disease

DISEASE Root: py/o

Meaning: pus | Example: pyoderma

Definition: pus-containing skin disease

DISEASE Root: pyr/o, pyret/o

Meaning: fever, fire | Example: pyrexia

Definition: fever

DISEASE Root: scler/o

Meaning: hard | Example: sclerosis

Definition: hardening of tissue

DISEASE Root: tox/o, toxic/o

Meaning: poison | Example: endotoxin

Definition: toxin within bacterial cells

DISEASE Prefix: brady-

Meaning: slow | Example: bradypnea

Definition: slow breathing (-pnea) rate

DISEASE Prefix: dys-

Meaning: abnormal, painful, difficult | Example: dysplasia

Definition: abnormal development (plas) of tissue

DISEASE Prefix: mal-

Meaning: bad, poor | Example: malabsorption

Definition: poor absorption of nutrients

DISEASE Prefix: pachy-

Meaning: thick | Example: pachycephaly

Definition: abnormal thickness of the skull

DISEASE Prefix: tachy-

Meaning: rapid | Example: tachycardia

Definition: rapid heart (cardi/o) rate

DISEASE Prefix: xero-

Meaning: dry | Example: xeroderma

Definition: dryness of the skin

DISEASE Suffix: -algia, -algesia

Meaning: pain | Example: neuralgia

Definition: pain in a nerve (neur/o)

DISEASE Suffix: -cele

Meaning: hernia, localized dilation | Example: gastrocele

Definition: hernia of the stomach (gastr/o)

DISEASE Suffix: -clasis, -clasia

Meaning: breaking | Example: karyoclasis

Definition: breaking of a nucleus (kary/o)

DISEASE Suffix: -itis

Meaning: inflammation | Example: cystitis

Definition: inflammation of the urinary bladder (cyst/o)

DISEASE Suffix: -megaly

Meaning: enlargement | Example: hepatomegaly

Definition: enlargement of the liver (hepat/o)

DISEASE Suffix: -odynia

Meaning: pain | Example: urodynia

Definition: pain of urine

DISEASE Suffix: -oma

Meaning: tumor | Example: lipoma

Definition: tumor of fat cells

DISEASE Suffix: -pathy

Meaning: any disease of | Example: nephropathy

Definition: any disease of the kidney (nephr/o)

DISEASE Suffix: -rrhage, -rrhagia

Meaning: bursting forth, profuse flow, hemorrhage | Example: hemorrhage

Definition: profuse flow of blood

DISEASE Suffix: -rrhea

Meaning: flow, discharge | Example: pyorrhea

Definition: discharge of pus

DISEASE Suffix: -rrhexis

Meaning: rupture | Example: amniorrhexis

Definition: rupture of the amniotic sac (bag of waters)

DISEASE Suffix: -schisis

Meaning: fissure, splitting | Example: retinoschisis

Definition: splitting of the retina of the eye

SUFFIXES Word: necrosis

Meaning: death of tissue | Example: osteonecrosis

Definition: death of bone (oste/o) tissue

SUFFIXES Word: ptosis

Meaning: dropping, downward displacement, prolapse | Example: blepharoptosis

Definition: dropping or drooping of the eyelid (blephar/o)

SUFFIXES Word: sclerosis

Meaning: hardening | Example: phlebosclerosis

Definition: hardening of veins (phleb/o)

SUFFIXES Word: spasm

Meaning: sudden contraction, cramp | Example: arteriospasm

Definition: spasm of an artery

SUFFIXES Word: stasis

Meaning: suppression, stoppage | Example: menostasis

Definition: suppression of menstrual flow (men/o)

SUFFIXES Word: stenosis

Meaning: narrowing, constriction | Example: bronchostenosis

Definition: narrowing of a bronchus (air passageway)

SUFFIXES Word: toxin

Meaning: poison | Example: nephrotoxin

Definition: substance poisonous or harmful for the kidneys

Prefix: staphylo-

Meaning: grape-like cluster | Example: staphylococcus

Definition: a round bacterium that forms clusters

Prefix: strepto-

Meaning: chain | Example: streptobacillus

Definition: a rod-shaped bacterium that forms chains

Root: bacill/i, bacill/o

Meaning: bacillus | Example: bacilluria

Definition: bacilli in the urine (-uria)

Root: bacteri/o

Meaning: bacterium | Example: bacteriostatic

Definition: stopping (stasis) the growth of bacteria

Root: myc/o

Meaning: fungus, mold | Example: mycotic

Definition: pertaining to a fungus

COMMON INFECTIOUS Organism: bacteria

Meaning: simple microscopic organisms that are widespread throughout the world; some can produce disease; singular: bacterium

Examples of diseases: bacteria can produce disease

COMMON INFECTIOUS Organism: cocci

Meaning: round bacteria; may be in clusters (staphylococci), chains (streptococci), and other formations; singular: coccus

Examples of diseases: pneumonia, rheumatic fever, food poisoning, septicemia, urinary tract infections, gonorrhea

COMMON INFECTIOUS Organism: bacilli

Meaning: rod-shaped bacteria; singular: bacillus

Examples of diseases: typhoid, dysentery, salmonellosis, tuberculosis, botulism, tetanus

COMMON INFECTIOUS Organism: vibrios

Meaning: short curved rods

Examples of diseases: cholera, gastroenteritis

COMMON INFECTIOUS Organism: spirochetes

Meaning: corkscrew-shaped bacteria that move with a twisting motion

Examples of diseases: Lyme disease, syphilis, Vincent disease

COMMON INFECTIOUS Organism: chlamydia

Meaning: extremely small bacteria with complex life cycles that grow in living cells but, unlike viruses, are susceptible to antibiotics

Examples of diseases: conjunctivitis, trachoma, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

COMMON INFECTIOUS Organism: rickettsia

Meaning: extremely small bacteria that grow in living cells but are susceptible to antibiotics

Examples of diseases: typhus, Rocky Mountain spotted fever

COMMON INFECTIOUS Organism: viruses

Meaning: submicroscopic infectious agents that can live and reproduce only within living cells

Examples of diseases: colds, herpes, hepatitis, measles, varicella (chickenpox), influenza, AIDS

COMMON INFECTIOUS Organism: fungi

Meaning: simple, nongreen plants, some of which are parasitic; includes yeasts and molds; singular: fungus

Examples of diseases: candidiasis, skin infections (tinea, ringworm), valley fever

COMMON INFECTIOUS Organism: protozoa

Meaning: single-celled animals; singular: protozoon

Examples of diseases: dysentery, Trichomonas infection, malaria

COMMON INFECTIOUS Organism: helminths

Meaning: worms

Examples of diseases: trichinosis; infestations with roundworms, pinworms, hookworms