AP lang unit 3

denotation

dictionary definition of a word

connotation

the feeling a word evokes; cookies=happiness

monosyllabic

one syllable

polysyllabic

multiple syllables

irony

an incongruity between expectation and reality

verbal irony

difference between what a writer says and what they mean

situational irony

discrepancy between what seems fitting and what actually happens

anaphora

repetition at the beginning of the clause

asyndeton

no conjunctions

antithesis

using opposite ideas or situations to highlight the difference between two items

polysyndeton

many conjuctions

chiasmus

AB-BA, words flipped in the second part

epistrophe

repetition at the end of a clause

parrallelism

repetition in the structure in the clause (not words)

cumulative sentence

the main idea of the sentence is in the beginning and makes complete sense if brought to a close before the actual ending

periodic sentence

the main idea is at the end and makes sense only when the end of the sentence is reached

simple sentence

contains only one subject and one verb

compound sentence

(FANBOYS)

complex sentence

independent and dependent clause

compound-complex sentence

two or more independent clauses and one more subordinate clause

run-on sentence

contains one more subject or predicated without proper punctuation or conjunctions

fragment

missing subject, predicate, or complete thought

figurative language

words and phrases that are not meant to be taken literally and usually involve some form of comparison

why use monosyllabic v polysyllabic words?

length of words helps analyze formality of text

what can we use to create irony?

hyperbole, understatement in service of a larger truth

effect of sentence length

we can make assumptions about the writer, audience, and effectiveness of the text using syntax; recognizing differences in length creates power in analyzing function

why do we use figurative language?

enhances communication by adding depth, emotion, and vivid imagery, making writing more engaging and memorable.

how syntax, diction, and tone relate to one another

are interconnected elements of writing that collectively shape the meaning and style of a text.