Chapter 1 Evolution of Nursing thought & Action | Nursing Funds. Lecture
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173 Terms
Who is Florence Nightingale?
She was the founder of modern nursing
What did Florence Nightingale do?
She improved sanitation, nutrition, and ventilation
What did Florence Nightingale create?
Opened Nightingale Training School in 1860
Who is Doretha Dix?
Served as superintendent of the U.S Army Nurses
Who is Clara Barton?
She provided care in tents set up close to the fighting
What did Clara Barton establish?
The American Red Cross
Who is Lillian Wald and Mary Brewister?
The pioneers of public health nursing
What did Lillian Wald and Mary Brewister found?
The Henry Street Settlement in New York
What is the Henry Street Settlement?
Fight the spread of diseases among immigrant people with lower income
Who is Edward Lyon?
Was the first male nurse to receive a commission as reserve officer
Who was Mary Mahoney?
The first African American graduate nurse in the U.S
Who was Lavinia Dock?
Nurse, feminist, and social activist who fought for women’s rights.
What were Lavinia Dock’s contributions to nursing?
Created the first drug manual for nurses (1890), contributed to the American Journal of Nursing, and helped establish the organization that became the NLN.
Who was Linda Richards?
The first professionally trained nurse in America
What did Linda Richards create?
First system for keeping individual medical records and promoted mental health nursing
What qualities do nurses today need?
To be highly trained, well-educated, caring, and competent professionals
Why do nurses need strong skills and critical thinking skills?
Healthcare is complex, so nurses must use many skills to provide safe and effective care
What skills do nurses need to provide safe and effective care?
Critical thinking, Critical Judgement, Communication, Organization, Leadership, Advocacy, and Technical Skills
What does nurse education emphasize?
QUALITY and SAFETY. So, nurses can provide safe, effective care after graduation
What is the IOM responsible for in nursing practice?
Quality and safety competencies for health professionals.
What is the AACN responsible for in nursing education?
Competencies nursing students should have before graduation.
What do QSEN and NLN focus on?
QSEN: Quality & safety.
NLN: Guidelines and competencies for practical/vocational nurses.
How does the book promote safe, effective nursing care?
Through SEI competencies in the “Promoting Safe, Effective Nursing Care” boxes.
What is Clinical Judgement?
A process of recognizing/analyzing cues, prioritizing hypotheses, generating solutions, taking action, and evaluating outcomes.
What is Critical Thinking?
Reflective thinking that involves collecting/analyzing information and carefully considering options for action.
What is Problem Solving?
Considering an issue and finding a satisfactory solution.
A nurse notices that a patient is pale, confused, and has a blood pressure of 88/54. The nurse recognizes these as concerning cues, determines that the patient may be experiencing a problem with circulation, decides what needs to be done first, takes action, and then reassesses the patient's blood pressure and mental status.
Critical Judgment
A patient keeps having difficulty getting to the bathroom because the IV tubing is too short. The nurse considers the issue and decides to move the IV pole and rearrange the patient's room so the patient can safely reach the bathroom.
Problem Solving
A nurse is reviewing a patient's chart before giving medication. The nurse notices that the patient's current medication list doesn't match the medication orders. The nurse reviews the information, checks the patient's history, considers possible explanations, and thinks carefully about the safest action to take.
Critical Thinking
How does the ANA define nursing (1980)?
The diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual and potential health problems.
What are the key points of ANA's definition of nursing (2010)?
Nursing is individualized, involves care coordination and partnerships, centers on caring, and uses the nursing process to provide quality, individualized care.
How does the ANA define nursing (2021)?
Nursing protects and promotes health, prevents illness/injury, facilitates healing, alleviates suffering, treats human responses, and advocates for patients.
What does nursing integrate according to the ANA (2021)?
The art and science of caring, focusing on health, human functioning, healing, preventing illness/injury, and relieving suffering.
Why is it important to define nursing?
Show the value of nursing
Differentiate nursing from other health professions
Help students understand what is expected of them
What are critical-thinking skills in nursing?
Monitor the client, note changes, and tale actions to ensure safe and effective care.
What is caring and compassion in nursing?
Show kindness, concern, and sincerity that convey to clients that you care about their well-being.
What is detailed oriented in nursing?
Pay attention to details to prevent and identify potentially harmful errors in care.
What are organizational skills in nursing?
Prioritize and meet the needs of the most critical clients first.
What are speaking skills in nursing?
Communicate correct and pertinent information to clients and members of the healthcare team.
What are listening skills in nursing?
Listen to clients’ concerns and feedback from the interprofessional healthcare team
What is patience in nursing?
In stressful situations in the work environment, think clearly and take the correct actions.
What is competence in nursing?
Obtain the knowledge and skills to ensure safe, quality, client outcomes.
What is emotional stabilty in nursing?
Develop the ability to cope with human suffering, emergencies, and other stresses
What is physical stamina in nursing?
Perform physical tasks and endure long hours walking and standing.
A nurse has a postoperative client who is having difficulty breathing and another client who needs a routine dressing change. The nurse cares for the client having difficulty breathing first. Which nursing quality is being demonstrated?
Organizational skills
A client has just been told that they have a terminal illness. The nurse sits beside the client, holds their hand, and offers emotional support.
Which nursing quality is being demonstrated?
Caring and Compassion `
After working 10 hours of a 12-hour shift, a nurse helps another nurse safely lift and reposition a 300-pound client.
Which nursing quality is being demonstrated?
Physical stamina
A nurse recognizes that a medication dose should be 0.10 mg rather than 10 mg and knows that giving 10 mg could be dangerous.
Which nursing quality is being demonstrated?
Competence
A client received pain medication two hours ago but continues to report pain at 7/10. The nurse reassesses the client and contacts the provider to discuss getting a stronger pain medication.
Which nursing quality is being demonstrated?
Critical thinking skills
During a healthcare team meeting, the nurse pays close attention to the team's discussion about what the client will need after discharge.
Which nursing quality is being demonstrated?
Listening Skills
A nurse provides care to a child with severe head injuries and the adult who is accused of causing the injuries. The nurse is able to manage the emotional difficulty of the situation and continue providing appropriate care.
Which nursing quality is being demonstrated?
Emotional Stability
Before a client goes home, the nurse explains and demonstrates how the client should perform a dressing change at home.
Which nursing quality is being demonstrated?
Speaking Skills
While reviewing a medication order, a nurse notices that the prescription says 7 mg, but the intended dose should be 0.7 mg. The nurse stops and seeks clarification before administering it.
Which nursing quality is being demonstrated?
Detail oriented
A client's condition suddenly becomes worse. The nurse remains calm, provides the necessary care, and arranges for the client to be transferred to the ICU.
Which nursing quality is being demonstrated?
Patience
What is a discipline?
A specialized body of knowledge and skills obtained through an academic community.
What is nursing based on?
A discipline of knowledge with foundations in the sciences and humanities.
What is a profession?
The application of knowledge and skills from a discipline, along with specialized knowledge, standards, competencies, customs, and values, to provide services in a regulated environment.
Which factor supports the idea that nursing is
a profession rather than a “job”?
A. Nurses are required to work a set number
of hours each week.
B. Nurses are expected to wear specific
uniforms while working.
C. Most nurses only work to earn a paycheck.
D. Nurses follow ethical guidelines to guide
their practice.
Correct Answer: D
A profession must have a code of ethics. The
major professional organizations have
developed ethical guidelines to guide the
practice of nursing.
How can nursing improve its recognition as a profession?
Standardize education requirements
Uniform continuing education
Increase nurse participation in professional organizations
Educate the public about nursing practice
How long is practical/vocational nursing education?
1 year
What does practical/vocational nursing education include?
Classroom and clinical teaching
How long is a nursing diploma program?
3 years
Where are diploma nursing programs based?
Hospitals
How long is an Associate Degree nursing program?
2 years
Where are Associate Degree nursing programs commonly offered?
Community Colleges
How long is a baccalaureate (BSN) nursing program?
8 semesters
Where are BSN programs offered?
Colleges and university’s
Who is an RN-to-BSN program for?
Graduates of associate-degree nursing programs
Who is an accelerated BSN program for?
tudents who already have a bachelor's degree in another fieldc
How long is a direct-entry master's nursing program?
3 years
What is required before entering a direct-entry master's program?
A previous bachelor's degree
What is a direct-entry doctorate designed for?
Preparing nurse practitioners or APRNs
What is required before entering a direct-entry doctorate?
A previous bachelor's degree
How long are master's degree nursing programs?
2 years
What careers can a master's degree in nursing prepare you for?
Nurse practitioner, clinical specialist, nurse educator, nurse informaticist, or nurse administrator.
What are the two main doctoral degrees in nursing? `
DNP (Doctor of Nursing Practice) and PhD (Doctor of Philosophy).
What is continuing education (CE)?
A professional strategy to maintain current clinical knowledge.
Why is continuing education important?
It helps nurses keep their clinical knowledge up to date.
Do states require continuing education for nurses?
Many states require CE courses to renew a nursing license.
What is in-service education?
Educational programs offered at the worksite.
What is a novice nurse?
Has no clinical experience and follows rules/orders and checklists.
What is an advanced beginner nurse?
Has some experience and can recognize abnormal findings but may not understand their significance
What is a competent nurse?
Usually has 2–3 years of experience in the same area and can manage clients, priorities, and complex situations.
What is a proficient nurse?
Sees the big picture, quickly understands the overall situation, coordinates care, and anticipates needs.
What is an expert nurse?
Has extensive experience, uses intuition, recognizes problems even without classic signs, and is often consulted by other nurses.
A new graduate notices a postoperative client's BP is dropping, pulse is increasing, and the client is restless but doesn't recognize these as possible blood loss. What stage?
Advanced Beginner
A nurse sees a postoperative client's BP dropping and pulse increasing, connects the changes to possible blood loss, recognizes early shock, and performs a deeper assessment. What stage?
Competent
An experienced nurse senses that a client is deteriorating even though the classic warning signs aren't present and immediately investigates. Other nurses often ask this nurse for advice. What stage?
Expert
A new nursing student follows a skills checklist step-by-step and has difficulty recognizing how a patient's condition relates to the procedure. What stage?
Novice
A nurse quickly recognizes how multiple assessment findings fit together, anticipates what the client will need next, and coordinates care with other departments. What stage?
Proficient
What regulates nursing practice?
Nurse Practice Acts and Standards of Practice
What are Nurse Practice Acts?
State laws that govern nursing practice and are enacted by state boards of nursing.
What are Standards of Practice?
ANA standards that guide nursing practice.
What is the American Nurses Association (ANA)?
A national professional nursing organization.
What does the National League for Nursing (NLN) do?
Establishes and maintains standards for nursing education.
What is the International Council of Nurses (ICN)?
A federation of national nursing organizations.
What is the National Student Nurses' Association (NSNA)?
Represents Nursing Students
What is Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI)?
A national honor society for nursing.
What are specialty nursing organizations?
Organizations focused on a specific clinical area, group identity, or value.
who can receive nursing care?
Individuals, groups, families, and communities.