Health, Illness, and Well-being Exam 2
Studied by 0 people
Call Kai
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards
Knowt Play1/86
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
|---|
No study sessions yet.
87 Terms
Increased estrogen
Estrogen increases blood volume and promotes uterine growth; progesterone relaxes smooth muscle and maintains uterine lining.
It loosens ligaments and joints
Basal body temperature rises slightly due to increased metabolism and hormonal activity.
Blood volume and cardiac output increase to meet oxygen demands of the fetus; maternal resting heart rate rises by 10–20 bpm.
Increased joint laxity
Overheating
Vaginal bleeding
Excessive
When is it not safe to exercise during pregnancy?
With conditions like preeclampsia
What are general exercise guidelines for pregnant women?
At least 150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity
What are cardiovascular training recommendations during pregnancy?
Engage in low-impact aerobic exercises like walking
What are resistance training recommendations during pregnancy?
Use light-to-moderate weights with controlled movements
What types of exercise should be avoided during pregnancy?
High-risk contact sports
What are benefits of exercise for pregnant women?
Improves mood
What are common barriers to exercise during pregnancy?
Fatigue
What motivates pregnant women to exercise?
Desire for healthy pregnancy
What are strategies for encouraging healthy behaviors during pregnancy?
Provide education
What are key nutritional needs during pregnancy?
Increased calories (+300/day in 2nd and 3rd trimesters)
What nutrients are especially important to prevent birth defects?
Folate (prevents neural tube defects) and iron (prevents anemia).
What foods should pregnant women avoid?
Raw fish
What is gestational diabetes?
High blood glucose that develops during pregnancy due to insulin resistance.
What causes gestational diabetes?
Placental hormones interfere with insulin
How is gestational diabetes prevented or managed?
Healthy diet
What is preeclampsia?
Pregnancy-related high blood pressure with protein in urine
What causes preeclampsia?
Abnormal placental blood vessel development and maternal blood vessel dysfunction.
How can preeclampsia be prevented or managed?
Regular prenatal care
Loss of muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia)
Slower nerve conduction
Declines in vision
Decreased maximal heart rate
Reduced ability to sweat and dissipate heat
Monitor intensity carefully
To reduce risk of falls
`Improves strength
Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass
It increases risk of frailty
Simple reaction time (response to one stimulus) and choice reaction time (response to multiple possible stimuli).
Reaction time slows with age due to reduced nerve conduction speed and processing time.
Driving
By anticipating movements
Balance training
Increased risk of isolation
Exercise promotes social interaction
Breaking down a physical task into smaller
Frequency
F: 3–5 days/week; I: moderate (5–6 on 10-point scale); T: 20–60 minutes depending on ability; T: mix of aerobic
Fear of injury
Desire to maintain independence
Provide social support
At least 150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity plus muscle-strengthening activities 2+ days/week
Both emphasize regular aerobic and strength training
Greater focus on balance
Exercises that mimic real-life movements and activities of daily living
It helps maintain independence
1. Identify the task 2. Break it into smaller components 3. Observe performance 4. Identify limitations or weaknesses 5. Develop exercises targeting those needs."
It allows individualized program design
A long-lasting condition that usually develops slowly and persists for three months or more; often associated with lifestyle factors and requires ongoing management.
It regulates hunger
Leptin is released by fat cells and signals the brain to reduce appetite and increase energy expenditure; resistance to leptin can occur in obesity.
Ghrelin is the 'hunger hormone' produced in the stomach that increases appetite and stimulates eating; levels rise before meals and fall after eating.
Insulin helps regulate blood glucose and promotes storage of energy as fat; chronic high levels can lead to insulin resistance and weight gain.
Estrogen influences fat distribution and metabolism; declining estrogen levels
At least 250–300 minutes per week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity plus resistance training 2–3 days/week for muscle maintenance and metabolism support.
They trigger metabolic adaptation
It does not distinguish between fat and muscle mass
Emphasis on overall metabolic health
They can promote significant weight loss
Possible side effects
It begins with damage to the endothelium of arteries
Endothelial cells (lining damage)
Narrowed arteries
Plaque buildup increases resistance and stiffness of arteries
Smoking
Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)
Regular physical activity
Improves cardiovascular efficiency
High LDL cholesterol contributes to plaque buildup in arteries
LDL (bad cholesterol) delivers cholesterol to tissues; HDL (good cholesterol) removes it; triglycerides store energy and can contribute to plaque when elevated.
Total cholesterol <200 mg/dL; LDL <100 mg/dL; HDL >40 mg/dL for men and >50 mg/dL for women; triglycerides <150 mg/dL.
High intake of saturated/trans fats
Chest pain or pressure
Obtain medical clearance
Frequency: 3–5 days/week; Intensity: 40–80% of VO₂max or HRR; Time: 20–60 min; Type: aerobic with gradual progression; include light resistance training 2–3 days/week.
Promote physical activity
Community education
Yes