Clinical Exercise Physiology Flashcards

Flashcards from Chapter 5 Clinical Exercise Physiology lecture notes.

Clinical Exercise Physiology

The art and science of how the body responds to exercise, combined with individual considerations such as limitations, health issues, and goals.

Major employment source for Clinical Exercise Physiologist (CEP)

Cardiorespiratory rehabilitation setting.

American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM)

The major organization for exercise physiologists.

ACSM Certified Clinical Exercise SpecialistSM

Works with clients who may have cardiovascular, pulmonary or metabolic disease or other conditions that limit exercise capacity or increase the risk of exercise.

ACSM Registered Clinical Exercise Physiologist®

Assists clients being treated by a physician for cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, orthopedic, neuromuscular or immunological disease

Purposes of Exercise Testing

Functional, diagnostic, and prognostic.

Functional Test

Conducted to find the level of fitness of the client.

Diagnostic Test

Its main purpose is to find out if the client has underlying disease, usually as seen on an electrocardiograph, or ECG.

Prognostic Testing

Evaluate progress following the initiation of an exercise program, and to determine the likelihood of a positive (or negative) outcome of an exercise test.

Indications for exercise

Reasons why we do exercise.

Contraindications for exercise

Reasons that we may not want the person to do exercise.

Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q)

A simple pre-screening test that asks questions about health conditions.

Informed consent

Involves informing the patient of the risks and benefits of exercise and how the collected data will be used.

Graded Exercise Test (GXT)

A test consisting of a series of loads or stages through which the subject works, each more difficult than the previous one.

Submaximal Test

Generally have lower mortality and morbidity but may not be as effective at diagnosing a cardiac problem that only shows up on an ECG at a relatively high work load

Bruce Protocol

A common treadmill testing protocol designed to elicit a maximal effort in 8-12 minutes.

Naughton protocol

Starts at 2 METs and increases the load at only approximately 1 MET per stage, so is appropriate if you have unfit or diseased clients and still desire that they complete 8-12 minutes of a test.

Balke-Ware protocol

Starts at about 3.5 METs, but increases the load at an even smaller 0.5 METs per stage, making it better for people who are very unfit or have more advanced disease, but can still be tested.

Maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max)

One of the best estimates of aerobic capacity.

How is absolute VO2 measured?

L/min or ml/min

Relative VO2

ml/kg/min, calculated by dividing absolute VO2 by body weight.

Typical Blood Pressure Response to Exercise

Systolic increases in proportion to intensity, diastolic stays approximately the same.

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

Used to determine whether the heart depolarizes normally as its work increases.

Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)

A scale used to rate the level of pain, exertion, or difficulty in exercise.

Exercise Prescription

A plan for exercise specifically designed for an individual based on the exercise test and assessment information.

Primary Goals of an Exercise Prescription

Improve health, increase physical working capacity, and ensure safety.

Specificity Principle

We need to exercise certain muscle groups, specific metabolic systems (aerobic/anaerobic) and use actions that we want to train for the system to respond appropriately.

Overload Principle

We need to stress or overload the system in order for it to respond.

Regression

If we do not stress the system, it will not only not improve, but may decrease in its ability to perform. Also known as detraining.

Individuality of Response

Not all people have the same goals, the same starting point in terms of condition, or the same rate of improvement.

FITT Principle

Frequency, Intensity, Time (=duration) and Type (=mode).

Heart Rate Reserve (HRR)

The difference between resting and maximal heart rate.

Ten Percent Rule

We should not increase the volume of exercise by more than about 10% per week.

Diabetes

An impaired ability to take up glucose due to either a deficiency in the ability of the pancreas to produce insulin or the ability of the cells to react to insulin that is produced, or both.

Hypertension

Elevated resting blood pressure, usually considered as greater than 140/90, but new AHA guidelines have lowered the cutoffs to a pressure of 130/80.

Heart Failure

The inability of the heart to pump adequate amounts of blood to the system.

COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

Consists of chronic bronchitis and emphysema, causing a narrowing or destruction of the airways.

Asthma

A narrowing of the airways due to hyperactivity of the smooth muscle in the airways.

Arthritis

A degenerative disease of the joints that affects comfort and range of movement.