EXMD2382 Nutrition and Blood Analysis Quiz

Which minerals are used in antioxidant defences

selenium
zinc
copper manganese

Nutritionist?

Any graduate with sufficient nutrition related education, who is registered with the nutrition society of Australia

Dietician?

qualified to assess nutritional status
can advise on medical nutrition therapy
Have clinical training

What's in food?

macronutrients
micronutrients
fluids
phytonutrients
fibre

What are the three monosaccharides?

Glucose
fructose
galactose

What makes up a triglyceride?

1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

What are the different types of blood lipids?

Triglycerides
total cholesterol
HDL
LDL

What are amino acids used for?

energy
gluconeogensis
lipogenesis
protein synthesis

What are the major minerals?

calcium
magnesium
potassium
phosphorous
sodium
sulfur
chloride

Which vitamins are responsible for gene expression?

A
D

What is a suggested dietary target?

daily intake of certain nutrients that may help prevent chronic disease

What is the AMDR for Carbs

45-65%

what is specificity?

correctly identify negatives

How does metabolic syndrome effect CVD

3x as likely to have heart attack or stroke

2x as likely to die from heart attack or stroke

5x greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes than people without

What is anaemia?

decreased oxygen carried

caused by iron deficiency or vitamin B12 deficiency

What are the different fluids?

Alcohol
water

What is the difference between a simple carb and a complex carb?

simple carbs have 1-2 sugar units, complex have greater than 2

What is a food frequency questionaire

population-specfic and nutrient specific validated questionairres

used to obtain descriptive data on usual intake

What proportion of the worlds adults have metabolic syndrome

25%

What are the different macronutrients?

Carbs
Fats
Proteins

What are the different micronutrients?

Vitamins: fat soluble, water soluble
Minerals: major and trace

What are the three disaccharides

lactose
maltose
sucrose

What are the 2 polysaccharides

starch
fibre

How much energy does 1g of carbohydrate give

17kJ

What is the glycemic index?

it ranks carbohydrate containing foods based on their effects on blood sugar levels over two hours post ingestion

What is glucose' GI score?

100

What is a lipid?

fat + oil

How much energy does 1g of lipids give?

37kJ

What makes unsaturated fatty acids different?

they have a double bond, causing a kink

What type of fat are animal foods usually high in?

Saturated fats

What type of fat are plant foods usually high in?

unsaturated fats

how much energy does 1g of protein give

17kJ

Which amino acid can the body make?

nonessential

Where are essential amino acids found?

in animal protein

How are amino acids metabolised?

transamination

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

ADEK

What are the water soluble vitamins?

C, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, Folic acid, Biotin

What are minerals?

non energy yielding micronutrients needed in very small amounts in the diet for optimal physiological and biomechanics functions

What are some of the minor minerals?

iron
zinc
iodine
copper
selenium
molybdenum

Which vitamins are responsible for blood formation and clotting?

B6
B12
Folate
Vitamin K

Which vitamins are responsible for energy metabolism?

Thiamin
riboflavin
niacin
pantothenic acid
biotin
vitamin B12

which vitamins are used in antioxidant defences?

E
C
carotenoids
Riboflavin

Which vitamins are useful in bone health?

A
D
K
C

Which vitamins are used in protein and amino acids metabolism?

B6
folate
vitamin B12
Vitamin c
choline
riboflavin

Which minerals are used in cell metabolism?

calcium
magnesium
phosphorus
zinc
chromium
iodide

Which minerals are used in growth and development?

calcium
phosphorous
zinc

Which minerals are used in bone health?

calcium
phopshorus
iron
zinc
copper
fluoride
manganese

Which minerals are used in blood formation and clotting?

iron
copper
calcium

Which minerals are used for nerve impulses

sodium
potassium
chloride
calcium

Which minerals are used for ion balance in cells

sodium
potassium
chloride
phosphorous

What is a phytonutrient?

plant nutrients that don't yield energy but are shown to confer health benefits.

What are polyphenols

reservatol
curcumin

What are carotenoids

lycopene
beta-carotene

what are phytoestrogens?

soy
isoflavens

What are flavonoids

coloured pigments in fruit and vegetables

What is the food guidance system?

targeted to healthy general population, aimed at preventing chronic disease and deficiency diseases

what are nutrient reference values

a set of targets for micro and macronutrients that are age and sex specific

What is an Estimated Average Requirement

a daily nutrient level estimated to MEET the requirements of HALF the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group

What is a Recommended Dietary Intake

the average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group

What is an Adequate Intake

the average daily intake level based on observed or experimentally determined approximations or estimates of nutrient intake by a group of apparently healthy people that are assumed to be adequate.

What is an estimated energy requirement?

the average dietary intake that is predicted to MAINTAIN energy balance in a healthy adult of defined age, gender, weight, height and level of PA

What is an upper level of intake

the highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general populations.

What is an acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR)

range of intake requirement or intake that is adequate for the intake of macronutrients to maximise general health outcomes

What is the AMDR for fat

20-35%
sat and trans limited to <10%

what is the AMDR for protein

15-25%

What is the recommended fibre intake for women

25g

what is the recommended fibre intake for men

30g

What does a nutrition assessment involve?

Anthropometric measures
biochemical measures
dietary intake analyses

What is energy balance?

important for weight control
calories in, calories out

What is a diet history?

interview method, used to obtain comprehensive picture of overall food intake

time consuming

What is a diet diary?

usually 3-5days
detailed instructions required
most rigorous method

what is a 24hr recall?

easy but not always accurate
relies on subject to accurately recall
under/over reporting is common

What is sensitivity?

correctly identifying positives

What are different forms of blood taking?

finger prick
venipuncture

What is metabolic syndrome

Central obesity plus 2 of the following

raise triglyceride level
reduced HDL
Raise BP
raised fasting plasma glucose

What is dyslipidaemia

lipids carried in blood

what are the different types of lipoprotein

HDL
LDL
VLDL

What is high density lipid protein

removes cholesterol and returns it to liver

What is low-density lipid protein

transport cholesterol to storage sites

what is very-low density lipid protein

transport cholesterol to storage sites, small component <5%

What is a triglyceride

1 glycerol 3 fatty acids
storage form of lipid in adipose tissue

What is plasma total cholesterol

HDL+LDL+20% of triglycerides
gives an idea of risk
increase total cholesterol = athersclerosis and increase risk of heart attack or stroke

What is plasma HDL

cholesterol scavengers, take excess to liver

decreased HDL = increased risk of heart attack and stroke

What is plasma LDL

more lipid than protein

increased LDL = major risk factor of CVD

What is polycythemia

increased proportion of blood volume occupied by the RBCs

causes:
increased RBCs
Decrease plasma volume