Post Civil War

Civil War Results

1. 1.5 million casualties (over 600,00 d.)

2. North (Union) def. South (Confederate)

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery and freed 4 million people

Civil War Results Problems

1. Lincoln assassinated

2. Formerly enslaved people needed jobs, houses, education, etc.

3. Formerly enslaved people needed rights and protection

4. How to merge the South into the Union?

Reconstruction (1865-1877)

The process of rebuilding the cities, government, and economy in the South after the Civil War with the purpose of giving rights and opportunities to formerly enslaved people

North occupied the South and set up military districts to keep order

Freedman's Bureau

org. Established to assist formerly enslaved people by helping them find jobs, homes, schools, etc.

Civil Rights Act of 1866

all people born in the US are considered citizens

14th Amendment

equal protection under the law

Radical Republicans

Politicians from the North who wanted revenge on the South for slavery and the Civil War

Thadeus Stevens (PA) and Charles Sumner (Mass.)

Leaders of Radicals, out spoken by the South, believed in equal rights

2,000 African Americans had some type of

government or political positions

__ congressional positions in the Senate or House

16

Hiram Revels (Mississippi)

the first African American Senator

Joseph Rainey (N. Carolina)

the first African American to the House of Reps.

Reconstruction (1865-1877) Problems

Jim Crow laws - segregation laws that would vary in Southern states to prevent African Americans from gaining full rights

KKK (+ other terror groups) would intimidate African American groups

Andrew Johnson (D) (1865-1869) background

A southern democrat, former slave owner, Lincoln's VP

Andrew Johnson (D) (1865-1869) personality

Stubborn, bad temper, unpopular, uneducated

Andrew Johnson (D) (1865-1869) problems

Lenient policies towards the South

Tried to veto the new laws, but was overruled

Republicans didn't trust him and planned to impeach him

Tenure of the Office Act

was passed by Congress and said that the President could not remove a member of Cabinet without approval of the Senate

Congress -> Cabinet -> Senate

How did Johnson violate the Act?

Violated the Act by firing Sec. of War Edwin Stanton, the last member of Lincoln's Cabinet

Impeached but avoided removal by one vote (result of this)

because of this result, he finished his term quietly and did not run for a second term

Ulysses S. Grant (R) (1869-1877) background

Union General and Civil War hero

Ulysses S. Grant (R) (1869-1877) personality

Honest, shy, respected, no political experience, and poor judge of character

Ulysses S. Grant (R) (1869-1877) policies

support people affected by slavery and racism

Anti klan laws passed and broke up the KKK (+ other terror groups)

15th Amendment

right to vote for all citizens

Department of Justice government agency enforces what?

that enforces laws and justice in the US

African American were given what?

government jobs

Ulysses S. Grant (R) (1869-1877) problems

Gave government jobs to family and friends who were not qualified

what happened among the members?

Corruption & scandals among members of government but Grant was not involved

a scam by alcohol distributors and government officials raise prices and avoid taxes

"Whiskey Ring"

the republican party received shares of stock in a construction company and used them for illegal activity (bribes, etc.;)

Credit Mobilier Scandal

The Panic of 1873

The Panic of 1873 was an economic depression throughout the US, which caused Democrats to blame Republicans for losing focus on the economy

Grant's second term

2nd term - Grant was not involved in scans, but lost support because of economic corruption in the government

Election of 1876 candidates

Rutherford Hayes (R) : electoral and Samuel Tilden (D) : popular

Election of 1876 dispute

Dispute - 20 electoral votes in Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina

Compromise of 1877

- Hayes declared winner (US pres.)

- The North had to remove troops from the south

- The north had to continue economic support for the south - One Democrat was appointed into Hayes' cabinet

Presidents after Grant

"laissez faire" approach (means hands off approach)

Gilded Age

time in the US in the late 1800s when the wealth of a few people overshadowed many problems in society

Civil Rights

reforms and policies were often overlooked after the troops left the South

Fredrick Douglass

Abolitionist, and civil rights leader who continued to speak out for civil rights and women's rights after reconstruction

Ida B. Wells

Journalist, teacher, and civil leader who lead an anti-lynching crusade in the late 1800s

Plessy vs Ferguson (1896) (segregation case)

Homer Plessy - 1/8th black and was arrested for sitting in the wrong section on a train

The case went to the supreme court and the court rules "separate but equal" facilities did not violate the 14th Amendment