Politics and Political Science Review

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the definitions of political science branches, systems of government, types of power, political ideologies, and Philippine state history.

POLITICS

The process by which groups of people make decisions, resolve conflicts, and distribute resources and power within a society or organization.

Polis

The Greek etymological root of politics meaning city/state.

Scire

The Latin etymological root of politics meaning to know.

Ciencia

The Latin etymological root of politics meaning to study.

Political Science

The study of politics.

Political Theory

A branch of political science focusing on the contributions of classical thinkers.

Comparative Politics

A branch of political science that compares various types of contributions.

Public Administration

A branch of political science concerning the implementation of government policy.

International Relations

A branch of political science focusing on political-economic interactions between nation-states.

Public Law

A branch of political science dealing with the relationship between the government and citizens.

Political Methodology

A branch of political science that uses quantitative methods to define political phenomenon.

State

An organized political community living under a government; also described as the highest form of human association.

Population

The people who compose the state.

Territory

The place or geographic region where people are located.

Government

A system of leaders or administrators that control the state.

Sovereignty

The ability of the government to govern itself without outside force.

Legitimacy

The right of the government to exercise power and authority.

Governance

Actions related to governing.

Monarchy

A form of government ruled by one person, such as a king, queen, or prince.

Bureaucracy

People who help the monarch, such as ministers, court officials, and local government.

Absolute Monarchy

A type of monarchy associated in the text with Spain, UK, and Japan.

Constitutional Monarchy

A type of monarchy associated in the text with Thailand and Bhutan, following a Constitution.

Oligarchy / Aristocracy

A form of government led by a small group or elites.

Democracy

A system that allows people to choose leadership.

Direct Democracy

A type of democracy of the people.

Republican/Representative Democracy

A type of democracy where citizens elect representatives.

Presidential System

A system of government led by a president.

Congressional System

A legislative department system led by congressmen.

Unicameral

A legislative structure composed of one house.

Bicameral

A legislative structure composed of two houses.

Parliamentary System

A system where the executive and legislative branches have a close relationship.

Presidential Parliamentary System

A system where citizens elect a president who then appoints a prime minister.

Federal System

A system characterized by the separation of power among the states.

Rodrigo Roa Duterte

The President who proposed federalism.

Legislative Branch

The branch of government responsible for making the law.

Executive Branch

The branch of government responsible for the implementation of the law.

Judicial Branch

The branch of government that protects and interprets the law.

Power

The ability to compel people to do what you want.

Coercive Power

A type of power that uses threats and punishment.

Reward Power

A type of power that gives rewards and benefits.

Legitimate Power

Power based on rules, duties, and a proven position within a group.

Referent Power

The ability to influence or attract others.

Expert Power

Power based on the knowledge and skills of a leader.

Eminent Domain

The ability of the government to acquire public property for public use.

Just Compensation

The payment provided by the government when acquiring property.

Power of Taxation

The power to require citizens to pay their taxes.

Sin tax

A specific tax applied to cigarettes and alcohol.

Economic Power

Power that gives access to certain resources.

Psychological Power

The use of image or reputation to influence others.

Military Power

The use of armed forces, such as in war.

Charismatic Authority

Authority based on how other people view an individual.

Traditional Authority

Authority that focuses on culture and behavior.

Legal-Rational Authority

Authority that follows bureaucracy.

Political Ideology

A coherent set of ideas and beliefs about how society should function and the proper role of government.

Political Identity

A person's or group's political beliefs and interests related to the state, influenced by factors like race, religion, and social background.

Liberalism

An ideology stressing equality before the law with core values of freedom, equality, and democracy.

Conservatism

An ideology that preserves tradition, rejects modernism, and emphasizes discipline.

Socialism

A wide range of economic and social systems based on mutual relationships, exemplified by 4Ps and TUPAD.

Communism

A system marked by inequality, no freedom, and social class where the government holds power while the people do not.

Fascism

A dictatorial one-party rule system, exemplified by Adolf Hitler in Germany.

Internal Sovereignty

The ability of the state to govern and control its people and territory.

External Sovereignty

Freedom from outside influence or foreign intervention.

Nation-state

A sovereign state under one government that is free to decide what is best for the country.

De Jure State

A state with legitimacy but no sovereignty, such as the Commonwealth under Manuel L. Quezon.

De Facto State

A state with sovereignty but no legitimacy, such as the Puppet Government under Jose P. Laurel.

Third Republic

The Philippine Republic established on $July 4, 1946$ after World War II.

Fifth Republic

The current Philippine Republic under the $1987$ Philippine Constitution after the EDSA People Power Revolution.

Nation

A group of people who share common characteristics such as language, ethnicity, and tradition.

Nationality

Membership or identity belonging to a nation.

Ethnicity

Affiliation with a certain group, such as Bisaya, Ilocano, Bikol, or Tagalog.

Manuel L. Quezon

The figure who proclaimed "Tagalog" as the national language, which later changed to "Filipino."

Presidential Decree No. 134 Series of 1937

The decree that declared "Tagalog" as the national language.

Globalization

The gradual process of political, economic, and cultural integration.

United Nations (UN)

An international organization established on $October 24, 1945$ to maintain peace and protect human rights.

Kurdish People

A group considered a nation even though they are spread across different states.