A reaction in which energy is transferred from the system to the surroundings
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Endothermic
A reaction in which energy is transferred from the surroundings to the system
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Specific heat capacity
The amount of energy required to increase the temperature of a 1 kg substance by 1 degree K (or C)
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Standard enthalpy change of combustion (2 marks!)
The enthalpy change when 1 mole of substance burns (combines vigorously with oxygen) under standard conditions
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Standard enthalpy change of reaction (2 marks!)
The enthalpy change when molar quantities of reactants in their standard states react to form products in their standard states under standard conditions
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Standard enthalpy change of formation (2 marks!)
The enthalpy change when 1 mole of a substance in the standard state (1 atm of pressure and 298.15 K) is formed from its pure elements under the same conditions
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Standard enthalpy change of neutralisation (2 marks!)
The enthalpy change when solutions of an acid and alkali react together under standard conditions to produce 1 mole of water
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Hess’ law
States that the total enthalpy change in a chemical reaction is independent of the route by which the chemical reaction takes place, as long as the initial and final conditions are the same
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Bond enthalpy
The energy required to break 1 mole of chemical bonds in the gaseous state
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Average bond enthalpy
The enthalpy change when 1 mole of molecules is broken in the gaseous state and averaged for the bond in similar compounds
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(In)complete combustion
FILL THIS OUT
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Standard enthalpy of atomisation
The enthalpy change when 1 mole of an element in its standard state is atomised to produce 1 mole of gaseous atoms
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Standard enthalpy change of hydration
The enthalpy change when 1 mole of gaseous ions is dissolved in water to give 1 mole of aqueous ions and a solution of indefinite dilution
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Standard enthalpy change of solution
The enthalpy change when 1 mole of an ionic substance is dissolved sufficient water to form an indefinite dilution
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Entropy
A measure of the amount of disorder of the particles in a system.
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Gibbs free energy
The energy associated with a chemical reaction that can be used to do work, and is equal to ΔH−TΔS where enthalpy is H, T is temperature in K, and S is the entropy of the system
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