CH 2 List the cranial nerves and functions essential for neurological communication disorders

Cranial nerves essential for neurological communication disorders

Optic Nerve (CN II), Trigeminal Nerve (CN V), Facial Nerve (CN VII), Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX), Vagus Nerve (CN X), Accessory Nerve (CN XI), Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII),

Optic Nerve (CN II)

Conducts sensory signals from eyes, retinas receive light from opposite side of environment, optic chiasm, visual deficits

Optic chiasm

The point where the left and right optic nerves come together and medial fibers decussate

Visual Deficits

Unilateral vision loss, Bilateral vision loss, Hemianopsia, Homonymous, Heterogenous, Bitemporal, Binasal

Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)

Mixed motor-sensory nerve, three branches[ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular

Ophthalmic

SENSORY info from upper face, forehead, scalp to CNS

Maxillary

SENSORY info from teeth, upper lip, buccal, nasal cavities, sides of face to CNS

Mandibular

SENSORY info from lower teeth, lower gums, bottom lips, portions of tongue to CNS, MOTOR info to muscles for mastication

Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Mixed motor-sensory nerve, MOTOR info to the face, SENSORY (taste) info from anterior two-thirds of tongue, 4 branches (temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular)

Temporal, zygomatic branches

Motor info to muscles of upper face,

Bilaterally innervated

contralateral/ipsilateral hemispheres motor plans received, if one damaged, Protective redundancy allows body part to still function

Buccal, mandibular branches

Motor info to muscles of the lower face,

buccal/mandibular Unilaterally innervated

Receive motor plans from the contralateral hemisphere of motor movement, No protective redundancy

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)

Sensory (taste) from posterior two-thirds of tongue, Motor to muscles of pharynx for swallowing and parotid gland for saliva

Vagus Nerve (CN X)

Important for speech, Both sensory and motor functions, Innervates muscles of the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx through various branches, pharyngeal plexus, superior laryngeal nerve (SLN), Intrinsic/extrinsic branch

Pharyngeal plexus

Innervates portions of pharynx for swallowing and elevates velum for non-nasal sounds

Superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) Intrinsic branch

Sends afferent info from inside larynx to CNS

Superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) Extrinsic branch

Innervates cricothyroid muscle

Vagus Nerve (CN X) Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) Right RLN

passes under right subclavian artery, recur into neck/larynx and innervate muscles for adduction and abduction of vocal folds

Vagus Nerve (CN X) Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) Left RLN

passes under arch of aorta, recur into neck/larynx and innervate muscles for adduction and abduction of vocal folds

Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

Only motor function, Cranial component works as an accessory of vagus, Spinal component innervates muscles of the shoulders

Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)

Motor functions, Innervates all intrinsic(fine motor)/extrinsic(gross motor) muscles of the tongue