Overview of Heart Anatomy (Ninja Nerd)

What is an auricle?

An auricle is an ear shaped projection off of the atrium that is made of mostly fat and muscle. Its main function is to help the atria hold more blood.

The ___________________ takes deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs to get oxygenated.

pulmonary trunk

The pulmonary trunk takes deoxygenated blood from the ___________________ to the lungs to get oxygenated.

right ventricle

What are the three vessels that come off of the aortic arch?

brachiocephalic trunk (which later separates into the right common carotid and right subclavian), left common carotid, and left subclavian

The superior vena cava drains into the ___________________.

right atrium

What are the two vessels that directly come off of the superior vena cava?

right brachiocephalic vein and left brachiocephalic vein

The azygous vein feeds into the ___________________.

superior vena cava

Pulmonary _______________ take deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

arteries

Where are the pulmonary veins?

The pulmonary veins are on the back of the heart, below the pulmonary arteries.

The pulmonary arteries carry (oxygenated/deoxygenated) blood.

deoxygenated

The pulmonary veins carry (oxygenated/deoxygenated) blood.

oxygenated

What are the two important branches of the left coronary artery?

anterior interventricular artery and the circumflex artery

The anterior interventricular and the circumflex arteries both branch off of the _____________ coronary artery.

left

The coronary arteries branch off of the...

ascending aorta

What vein does the anterior descending/interventricular artery drain into?

great cardiac vein

What are the two vessels in the anterior interventricular sulcus?

anterior descending/interventricular artery and the great cardiac vein

What is the vein that runs alongside the circumflex artery?

posterior vein of the left ventricle

Where does the right coronary artery run?

The coronary sulcus (the fat filled groove along the right side of the heart)

What are the two most important branches of the right coronary artery?

marginal artery and posterior interventricular artery

What vein drains the marginal artery?

small cardiac vein

Where are the marginal artery and small cardiac vein?

the right side of the heart

The posterior interventricular artery drains into the...

middle cardiac vein

Where do all the veins of the coronary circuit converge?

coronary sinus

Where does the coronary sinus dump all of its deoxygenated blood?

right atrium

The marginal artery anostomoses with the...

posterior interventricular artery

The circumflex artery anostomoses with the...

posterior interventricular artery

The anterior interventricular artery anostomoses with the ....

circumflex artery

The tricuspid valve separates which two chambers of the heart?

right atrium and right ventricle

What are the chordae tendinae?

Chordae tendinae is a bunch of small leaflike collagen projections that extend off of the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.

The _________________ muscles anchor the chordae tendinae to the wall of the right ventricle.

papillary

What is the foramen ovalle?

It is a hole during fetal development that shunts blood from the right to the left atrium, bypassing the pulmonary circuit.

Which chamber of the heart has the foramen ovalle?

right atrium

The coronary sinus opens into which chamber of the heart?

right atrium

The pulmonary semilunar valve is between which two structures in the heart?

right ventricle and pulmonary trunk (it prevents backflow of deoxygenated blood back into the ventricles).

What is the ligamentum arteriosum?

The ligamentum arteriosum is the remnants of the ductus arteriosum in fetal life (which is a connection between the pulmonary trunk and aortic arch.

What does the ductus arteriosum do?

Allows the blood to bypass pulmonary circulation.

Where does blood in the left atrium come from?

pulmonary veins

Where is the mitral/bicuspid valve located?

between the left atrium and ventricle

The (mitral/tricuspid) valve is located between the right ventricle and atrium.

tricuspid

The (mitral/tricuspid) valve is located between the left ventricle and atrium.

mitral

The (right/left) side of the heart has deoxygenated blood.

right

The (right/left) side of the heart has oxygenated blood.

left

Where are the chordae tendinae and papillary muscles?

Chordae tendinae are collagen fibers extending down from the valves, and the papillary muscles connect the chordae tendinae to the walls of the ventricle.

Where is the aortic semilunar valve located?

between the left ventricle and aorta (prevents backflow from the aorta back into the heart)

What are the myocardium and endocardium?

The myocardium is the muscle wall of the heart and the endocardium is the simple squamous layer that lines the inside of the chambers of the heart.

Where are the pectinate muscles located?

anterior walls of the atria

Where is the trabeculae carnae?

anterior walls of the ventricles

What are the two semilunar valves of the heart and where are they located?

Aortic semilunar valve: between the aorta and left ventricle

Pulmonary semilunar valve: between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery