PNB Lab Quiz Prep - Tissues

What is histology?

the study of tissues

What are the two types of lenses?

ocular and objective lenses

What is the ocular lens?

work to bring the image into focus for the eye. Magnification of 10x

What is the objective lens?

closest to the ‘object’ being viewed. ranges from 4x to 100x

What is the stage?

the platform on which the slide is placed

What is the coaxial stage controls?

can be moves in the X-Y plane to change which part of the slide is being viewed

What is the light source?

illuminates the specimen, and the dial on the side of the scope can control its intensity

What is the iris diaphragm?

can alter illumination and is controlled by the lever beneath the stage

What is the course focus control?

large knob on the side of the scope, allows you to adjust the stage height to bring the object into focus

What is the fine focus control?

can be used to make more precise focus adjustments

How is a microscope meant to be held?

two hands; one on the arm and the other under the base when moving it

How must a scope be cleaned?

with lens paper to avoid scratching the surface

What is epithelial tissue?

forms the surface layer of the body, lines body cavitites, hollow organs and structures, and constitutes most gland tissues

What are characteristics of epithelial tissue?

polar and avascular

What are intercellular junctions?

found in epithelial cells; between adjacent cells that vary with the unique structures and functions of various subtypes

What are the functions of intercellular junctions?

protect against dehydration and injury from physical, chemical, and biological agents, and regulating the passage of materials entering and leaving the body

How are epithelial cells classified?

based on their number of cell layers and apical cell shape

What is this epithelial tissue?

simple cuboidal epithelia

What is this epithelial tissue?

simple columnar epithelia

What is this epithelial tissue?

simple squamous epithelia

What is this epithelial tissue?

stratified epithelia

Where is transitional epithelia found?

in the bladder

Where is simple cuboidal epithelia found?

in the kidney

Where is simple columnar epithelia found?

in the intestines

Where is pseudostratified columnar found?

in the upper respiratory system

Where is stratified squamous epithelia found?

in the skin

What is connective tissue?

found in a variety of forms throughout the body, from rigid bone to flexible cartilage

What are the primary functions of connective tissue?

structural support, binding structures together, and protecting the less durable parts of the body.

What are the 3 components of connective tissue?

cells, protein fibers, and ground substance

What is connective tissue proper?

loose and dense tissue

What is loose tissue?

fibers create loose, open framework

What is fluid connective tissue?

blood and lymph

What is blood tissue?

contained in circulatory system

What is lymph tissue

contained in lymphatic system

What is supporting connective tissue?

cartilage and bone

What is cartilage tissue?

solid, rubbery matrix

What is the antomy of bone tissue?

solid, crystalline matrix

What are the main cells in loose and dense connective tissue?

fibroblasts and adipocytes

What are the main cells in dense connective tissue?

regular and irregular

What is regular dense connective tissue?

parallel protein fibers

What is irregular dense connective tissue?

protein fibers are in clumps arranged at scattered angles

What is hyaline cartilage?

most common, provides support through flexibility and resilience

What is fibrocartilage?

absorbs shock and resist compression of the vertebral column

What is elastic cartilage?

has extensive flexibility, characterized by abundance of elastic fibers around chondrocytes

What is bone tissue?

supportive tissue that provides levels from movement when muscles that are attached to them contract and protect soft tissues and vital organs

What is compact bone?

form the outer shell of the bone, and it is formed by concentric circles, called Haversian system, runs parallel to the shaft of the bone

What is spongy bone?

inside of the bones, and contains spaces and latticework structure of the bone tissue

What is not a type of connective tissue?

muscle

What cartilage is this?

hyaline

What cartilage is this?

fibrocartilage

What cartilage is this?

elastic cartilage

What is this diagram showing?

bone tissue

What is muscle tissue?

composed of specialized cells that respons to stimulation from the nervous system by undergoing internal changes that cause them to shorten

What are the three types of muscle?

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

What is cardiac muscle?

alternating dark and light bands that appear as striations, has intercalating disks, that enable commuication between cells and synchronicity of action

What is skeletal muscle?

have cylindrical, cardiac short and bifurcated, have many nuclei located at the periphery of the cell

What is smooth muscle?

have fusiform cells, have only 1 nucleus

Which muscle tissue displays a synchronized activity of cells?

cardiac muscle

What muscle is this?

skeletal muscle

What muscle is this?

cardiac muscle

What muscle is this?

smooth muscle

What is the skin?

largest organ of the body, consists of several tissues

What are the 3 layers of skin?

epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis

What is the epidermis?

stratified squamous epithelial cells, layers of keratinocytes, melanocytes, merkel cells, and langerhans cells

What is the dermis?

connective tissue of areolar and dense irregular type, composed of proteins, collagen and elastin, support the skin and make it flexible and strong

What is the hypodermis

connective tissue of adipose and areolar tissue, which serves as insulation and support

What are sweat glands?

excrete on the surface of the skin (merocrine gland), or in the hair follicle (apocrine gland)

What are oil glands?

open onto the hair follicle

What number is the sebaceous gland?

2

Why is skin considered an organ?

it consists of several different tissues

What microscope is used in this course?

compound light microscope

What must be turned off on a microscope?

light source when not in use

What is the condenser?

located below the stage is a lens that condenses the light through the specimen on the slide above

What objective must be started with?

lowest power objective (4x)