Schizophrenia Spectrum, Bipolar, and Depressive Disorders

Flashcards covering Schizophrenia Spectrum, Bipolar, and Depressive Disorders, including diagnostic codes, symptom categories, and clinical criteria.

Psychosis

Abnormalities in one or more psychotic symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking (speech), disorganized or abnormal motor behavior, and catatonia.

Persecutory Delusion

The belief that one will be harmed or harassed by an individual or group.

Referential Delusion

The belief that certain gestures, comments, or cues are directed at oneself.

Grandiose Delusion

The belief that one has exceptional abilities, wealth, fame, or status.

Eromanic Delusion

A false belief that others are in love with the individual, often a person of higher social status.

Nihilistic Delusion

The conviction that a major catastrophe will occur.

Somatic Delusion

Preoccupation with health or organ functioning.

Hallucination

A perception-like experience that occurs without an external stimulus, most commonly auditory.

General Somatic Hallucination

Experiences such as feeling snakes in the stomach, animals invading the body, or the feeling of mutilation or disembowelment.

Loose associations

Disorganized thinking where mental associations are not logical, but involve rhymes, puns, and linguistic rules not apparent to an observer.

Word salad

Linking words together because of how they sound, characteristic of disorganized speech/thinking.

Catatonia

A range of disorganized or abnormal motor behavior featuring decreased reactivity to the environment.

Negativism

Resistance to instructions, a feature of catatonia.

Mutism

Being unable or unwilling to speak.

Catatonic Excitement

Purposelessness and excessive motor activity without cause, characterized by repeated movements, staring, or grimacing.

Schizophrenia (F20.9)

A disorder meaning to "split the mind" involving at least $2$ psychotic symptoms for $1$ month and continuous signs of disturbance for $6$ months.

Positive Symptoms

Symptoms of schizophrenia including hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech and thoughts.

Anhedonia

A negative symptom characterized by the loss of pleasure.

Avolition

A negative symptom characterized by the loss of motivation.

Blunted affect

A negative symptom characterized by a reduction in emotional expression.

Schizoaffective Disorder

A disorder sharing symptom clusters with mood disorders (Bipolar Type F25.0 or Depressive Type F25.1), where psychotic symptoms must be present alone for at least $2$ weeks.

Brief Psychotic Disorder (F.23)

Psychosis lasting for at least $1$ day but resulting in a return to baseline functioning within $1$ month.

Delusional Disorder (F.22)

Persistent delusions lasting at least $1$ month where behavior apart from the delusion is not bizarre and otherwise unremarkable.

Schizophreniform Disorder (F20.81)

A disorder with psychotic symptoms present for $1$ to $6$ months, differing from schizophrenia based on duration and dysfunction.

Major Depressive Episode

A period of at least $2$ weeks where the patient experiences $5$ or more symptoms including depressed mood or diminished interest in most activities.

Manic Episode

A period of at least $1$ week where the patient feels abnormally elated, overjoyed, or grandiose, often resulting in hospitalization and marked social/work impairment.

Hypomanic Episode

Known as "Mania Lite," features manic symptoms that are briefer, less severe, and do not require hospitalization.

Bipolar I Disorder

A disorder characterized by a change in polarity (Depression to Mania), requiring at least one manic episode.

Bipolar II Disorder (F31.81)

A disorder involving major depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes that never involves psychosis and never requires hospitalization.

Cyclothymic Disorder (F34.0)

A condition where patients are chronically elated or depressed for $2$ years (symptoms present half the time) but do not meet full criteria for manic or major depressive episodes.

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (F34.81)

A childhood disorder (onset age $6$ to $18$) involving severe recurrent outbursts $3$ or more times per week for at least $12$ months.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (F34.1)

A disorder where Major Depressive Disorder criteria are continuously met for $2$ years without manic or hypomanic episodes.

Premenstrual Dysmorphic Disorder (F32.81)

Clinically significant life-interrupting depression occurring around the time of menstruation, more severe than PMS.