HOTUS 1 - CLEP - Constitution

When and where was the Constitutional Convention held?

Philadelphia in 1787

Who was called the "father of the constitution"

James Madison

"Virginia Plan"

System of national government devised by James Madison and Edmund Randolph, both from Virginia.

Details of the "Virginia Plan"

Called for an executive branch and two houses of Congress, each based on population.

"New Jersey Plan"

Counter by William Paterson to the "virginia plan" which called for a unicameral legislature and sharply increased the powers of the national government.

"Great Compromise"

Compromise of the "Viginia Plan" and "New Jersey Plan" which provided for a presidency, a Senate (all states represented equally), and a House of Representatives (representation according to population.

Three-Fifths Compromise

Agreement that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House for representation and taxation purposes (negated by the 13th amendment)

Purposes of the Special State Conventions

Ratify the Constitution

Federalists

Supporters of the Constitution

Anti-Federalists

people who opposed the Constitution

The Federalist Papers

A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison to defend the Constitution in detail during the ratification of the Constitution in New York.

Constitution: Article I

Legislature

Constitution: Article II

Executive

Constitution: Article III

Judiciary

Constitution: Article IV

Interstate Relations

Constitution: Article V

Amendment Process

Constitution: Article VI

Supremacy Clause

Constitution: Article VII

Ratification

What are the first 10 amendments to the Constitution known as?

Bill of Rights

What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 do?

Established the Supreme Court with: 6 justices

13 District Courts

3 Circuit Courts

Office of the Attorney General

"Report on the Public Credit" Accomplished what? (3)

Proposed:

1. Funding of the national debt at face value

2. Federal assumption of state debts

3. Establishment of a national bank

"Report on Manufacturers" proposed what?

Proposed an extensive program for federal stimulation of industrial development through subsidies and tax incentives.

Where was the funding of the "Report on Manufacturers" to come from and how much?

Excise tax on distillers (25% tax) and from tariffs on imports

"Broad Interpretation"

View held by Hamilton that the government was given all powers that were not expressly denied to it.

"Strict Interpretation"

View held by Jefferson and Madison that any action not specifically permitted in the Constitution was prohibited.

Opposition party to the Federalists

Republicans

Proclamation of Neutrality (1792)

Washington's response to revolutionary France's war with europe.

Jay's Treaty with Britain (1794)

Successfully negotiated the withdrawal of English Troops from America, but did nothing to fix the impressment of American sailors.

Pickney Treaty (1795)

Thomas Pickney went to Spain which opened the Mississippi River to American traffic, recognized the 31st parallel as the northern boundary of Florida, and gave americans the “right of deposit in New Orleans.

Treaty that cleared the Indians of the Ohio Valley

Treaty of Greenville

XYZ Affair

A 1797 incident in which French officials sent by talleyrand demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats

Quasi-War (1798 to 1799)

Result of the XYZ Affiar, Adams suspended all trade with the French, and American captains were authorized to attack and capture armed French vessels.

Marbury v. Madison

This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review

The Essex Junto (1804)

Attempt by New England federalists to secede from the US due to the growing importance of Western expansion.

Embargo of 1807

Law prohibiting American ships from leaving port for any foreign destination. Most unpopular policy

Non-Intercourse Act and Macon's Bill No. 2

Gave the president power to prohibit trade with any nation when they violated our neutrality

War Hawks

Led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun who were addement that war with the British was necessary.

The Hartford Convention (1814)

Federalists New England Delegates med in Hartford Connecticut and created resoltuions suggesting nullification and secession if their intersests were not protected against the influences of the South and West.

Protective Tariff (1816)

First protective tariff in the nation's history. Used to slow the flood of cheap British manufactures into the county.

Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817)

Agreement reached between Britain and the United States to stop maintaining armed fleets on the Great Lakes.

Barbary Wars (1815)

Congress declared war on the Muslim state of Algiers in response to continued piracy. United States had free access to the Mediterranean Basin.

Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)

Treaty between the U.S. and Spain that ceded Florida to the U.S and set the boundry of New Spain and the United States in the West.

Monroe Doctrine

"American hemisphere was "henceforth" not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers." and that the United States would not involve itself in European Affairs.

Years following the War of 1812

Years of rapid economic and social development. Western expansion accelerated. Referred to as the Era of Good Feelings.

Depression of 1819

Banks cut the amount of credit to businesses.

Fletcher V. Peck (1810)

First time a state law was voided on the grounds that it violated a principle of the U.S. Constution.

Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)

Limited the state government's control over corporations

McCullock v. Marland (1819)

No state has the right to control an agency of the federal government

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Only Congress has the right to regulate commerce among states.

The Missouri Compromise (1820)

Compromise by Henry Clay which prevented slavery north of the Missouri border and admitted Main as a free-state.

Population growth

The Population continued to double every 25 years. By 1840, 1/3 of Americans lived west of the Alleghenies

Growth of the Cotton Kingdom

Alabamma, Mississippi, Louisianna, and Texas were well suited to growing cotton

Fishing Industry

New England and Chesapeake fishing proved very profitable. Whaling became a significant enterprise.

American Exports

Timber was a profitable export item.

America's primary trade center

New York City which became America's Largest city by 1830.

"Lowell System"

Popular way to staff the New England factories. Young women were hired from the surrounding countryside and housed in dormitories for poor wages.

First organized strike?

In 1828, child workers organized and striked

Who was a revolutionary pamphleteer who published a multi-volume, "History of the Revolution" in 1805?

Mercy Otis Warren

Early American Writer who wrote Rumplestilskin and Legend of Sleepy Hollow.

Washington Irving

Writer of the best-seller Life of Washington in 1806, which was short on historical accuracy but long on nationalistic hero worship

"Parson" Mason Weems

Who wrote "Blue Backed Speller"

Noah Webster

Second Great Awakening start

Began in 1801 at Cane Ridge, Kentucky in the first camp meeting.

Public school development

Public schools were non-existent before 1815. The New York Free School was the one rare example which used the Landcastrian system to stretch the small budget

Higher Education in America

The number of institutions increased sharply in the early 1800s. Non were public. Less than 1 in 10 men attended and no women were allowed. Training was limited to theology, law or medicine.

“Right of Deposit” Pickney Treaty

A provision that allowed American merchants to store their goods in New Orleans without paying duties, facilitating trade.

Restrictions on the Federal Government (6)

1. No ex post facto laws

2. No bills of attainder

3. 2 year limit on appropriation for the military

4. No suspention of habeus corpus (except in a crisis)

5. One port may not be favored over another

6. All guarantees stated in the Bill of Rights

Restrictions on the State Governments (6)

1. May not enter into treaties

2. Letters of marque and reprisal may not be granted

3. Contracts may not be impaired

4. Money may not be printed

5. No import or export taxes

6. May not wage war

“Bill of Attainder”

A legislative act that declares a specific person or group guilty of a crime and imposes punishment without a trial.