AP HUGE UNIT 2 VOCAB

Arithmetic density

Total population/land area

Physiological Density

Farm land density — total population/arable land

Agricultural Density

Farmer Density — # of farmers/arable land

Carrying Capacity

# of people that can be supported in an area given the technology of production

Population Pyramid

A graph that shows population for each age group and sex. Different for all countries. Ties in with the DTM

Population pyramid - Triangle

Fast growing, NIR: 2-3%

• DEVELOPING

Population pyramid - extended triangle

Moderate growth, NIR: 1%

Population pyramid - column

Slow growth, NIR: 0-1%

Population pyramid - Reduced Pentagon

Shrinking, NIR: NEGITIVE

Demographic

relating to the structure of populations and the different groups within them.

a particular sector of a population, as defined in terms of factors such as age, income, background, etc.

Migration

Permanent move to a new location

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

Percentage by which a population grows in a year

Population Doubling Time

How fast it takes for a population to double in size— average life expectancy/NIR

Demographic Transition Model

A model consisting of 5 stages that help to explain the rising and falling of natural increase over time

DTM Stage 1

High CBR, High CDR = NO NIR growth: no modern day country is in stage 1

DTM Stage 2

High CBR, Rapidly Declining CDR = Very High NIR: Sub Saharan Africa

DTM Stage 3

Rapidly Declining CBR, Declining CDR = Moderate NIR: Latin America

DTM Stage 4

Low CBR, Low CDR = Very Low NIR: USA

DTM Stage 5

Very Low CBR, Increasing CDR = Negative NIR: Russia

Epidemiological Transition Model (ETM)

Overtime, less infections diseases occur while chronic illness rises

ETM Stage 1

Pestilence and Famine- high CDR

NO MODERN COUNTRIES

— black plauge

ETM Stage 2

Receding Pandemic - rapidly declining CDR

COMMON COLD (SUB SAHARAN)

Cholera in London

ETM Stage 3

Degenerative Diseases- Decline CDR

LATIN AMERICA

Human created diseases

ETM Stage 4

Delayed Degenerative Diseases- low but increasing CDR

USA

Chronic Illiness

ETM Stage 5

Infectious and Parasitic Disease - increasing CDR

COVID 19- global spread of disease

Malthusian Theory

Belief that as the population grows, their won’t be enough food to supply a whole population

Anti Malthusian Theory 

Disagreed with Malthusian and said with more people more workers can make food to sustain the population 

Pronatalist policies

Government encourages more kids 

Anti - Natalist Policies

Government discourages kids

Revensteins Laws of Migration

Laws of how immigrants typically move

Crude Birth Rate CBR

Total # of births in a year for every 1,000 in society: # of births/1,000 people

Crude Death Rate CDR

Total # of deaths in a year for every 1000 people in soicety: # of deaths/1000 people

Life expectancy

Expected length of life

Dependency Ratio

Value of comparing the working population to the non working population

Push factors

Factors the push an immagrant out of a country (etc. war, dictatorship)

Pull factors

Factors to pull immagrants into a country (etc. schooling, jobs)

Intervening Opportunites 

A feature that causes a migrant to choose a destination different than orginally

Intervening opportunities 

A feature that causes a migrant to choose a destination different that originally

Forced migration

when a migrant has no choice other to leave and move somewhere else (push factors)

Refugees

Had been forced to migrate to avoid a potential threat to one’s life - can’t return

Internally Displaced persons (IDP)

A refugee who hasn’t migrated across a border - internal migration

Asylum Seekers

Someone who migrates and pretends to be a refugee to get refugee status 

Voluntary migration

Migrants who purposely move to a new country by choice

Transnational migration 

A type of migrant that regularly moves from one country to another - for work/pleasure

Transhumance 

Seasonal migration- typically for weather

Internal migration 

Migration with out crossing any borders and does not leave the country

Chain migration 

When people migrate and move with/near family and friends from back home

Step migration

Migrants reach their destination through a series of smaller moves

Guest worker

person with temporary permission to work in another country.

Rural to Urban Migration

Moving from the country/suburbs to the city

Quota

Max limit on # of people who can migrate to the us in a yer

Brain Drain

Smart people move to America