Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Review

A set of flashcards covering the definitions, key amendments, landmark cases, and significant concepts in Civil Rights and Civil Liberties.

What are civil rights?

rights that the government must provide and protect

What are civil liberties?

basic political rights that the government may not infringe

What describes Judicial Activism?

The philosophy where judges actively interpret the Constitution and promote social change.

What is Judicial Restraint?

The idea that judges should limit their own power and defer to legislative and executive decisions.

How are Supreme Court justices appointed?

Justices are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate.

Who was Earl Warren?

Chief Justice from 1953-1969 known for expanding civil rights and liberties.

What did Roe v. Wade (1973) establish?

Recognized the right to privacy extends to a woman's decision to have an abortion.

What is De Jure Discrimination?

Legal discrimination codified by laws.

What is Selective Incorporation?

Ensures that certain fundamental rights are applied to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.

What was established by Gitlow v. New York (1925)?

The First Amendment's freedoms of speech and press are applicable to the states.

What does the 1st Amendment guarantee?

Freedom of Speech, Association, Assembly, Petition, and Religion.

What does the 5th Amendment protect?

The right to remain silent, protection against double jeopardy, and guarantees due process.

What does the 14th Amendment guarantee?

Equal protection under the law and due process.

What is the significance of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

What was the outcome of Brown v. Board of Education (1954-55)?

Declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

What is Title IX?

Prohibits sex-based discrimination in federally funded education programs.

What does the USA-PATRIOT Act of 2001 do?

Expands law enforcement's surveillance and investigative powers in response to the September 11 attacks.