Digestive System

January 08, Anatomy II

What is the purpose of Digestion cells? (3 specifics)

Provide all cells of the body with the nutrients needed for:

1. Energy (Glucose)

2. Repair/Structure (Protein)

3. Growth and cell reproduction

Food taken into the body will be ingested two ways…

Mechanically and Chemically.

The food you eat will either be…

Absorbed or

What is the purpose of chewing?

To provide more surface area for digestive chemicals.

Number of Macronutrient proteins (what are they called)? How many are essential v. non essential.

20 Amino acids.

Diet, essential - 8

Body, non-essential - 12

Carbohydrate types?

Simple v. complex.

What order does the body break it down, where is extra glucose stored?

Complex —> Simple

Excess glucose is stored in the liver as glycogen.

Organs of the Alimentary Canal, in order.

Lips

Mouth

Pharynx

Esophagus

Stomach

Small intestine (Pancreas, Liver, Gallbladder)

Large intestine (Appendix)

Rectum

Anus

Esophagus details

12” long lined by smooth muscle for peristalsis.

What is peristalsis, where?

In the esophagus within the muscularis, wave like contractions to push food forward.

What is the food when it's swallowed called.

Bolus.

What does a bolus turn into once it reaches the stomach.

Chyme.

How many layers does the muscularis have?

2 layers, 3 in the stomach.

Order of the Alimentary Canal (Starting with the lumen, inside out.) How long is it?

(Lumen)

Mucosa

Submucosa

Muscularis

Serosa

20-25ft long.

What is the connective tissue covering the intestines?

Omentum

Order muscularis + stomach (outside going in)

1. Longitudinal layer

2. Circular layer

3. Oblique layer

(Lumen)

What is the process of chewing called?

Mastication

What are the only two things stomach absorb?

Alcohol and aspirin get absorbed.

What two things are released in the stomach to break down proteins?

HCl and Pepsin.

What do parietal cells produce?

Intrinsic Factor and Hcl

What do chief cells produce?

Pepsin.

Why cant the stomach digest itself? What is the compound prevents this.

Protective mucous with bicarbonate.

Stomach size range?

50mL to 4L in volume.

Where is bile made? Where Is bile stored?

Bile is MADE in your liver.

Bile is STORED in your gallbladder.

What is the purpose of bile?

Emulsify Fats.

Purpose of large intestine.

Removes any water from chyme and begin compacting it for secretion.

Small intestine order of parts, uses.

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum (longest)

Duodenum—> Primary location for absorption.

Purpose of the mucosa (ring 1)

1. Secretion of Enzymes

2. Absorption

3. Protection Against food-borne pathogens

Purpose of the Submucosas build.

Densely vascular-ized to carry nutrients away.

Purpose and structure of the Muscularis (Peristalsis)

Peristalsis occurs here, 2 directions of smooth muscle fibers. Stomach has the 3rd, oblique later. functions SLOWLY

Purpose and structure of the Serosa.

Made of connective tissue, protection and connection to surrounding organs.