TOA2 - EARLY MODERN 2

CASS GILBERT

- one of the first "celebrity" american architects

"Architecture should reflect historic traditions and the established social order"

WOOLWORTH BUILDING

- cass gilbert

- gothic-style skyscraper that was the tallest building in 1913-1929

ALEXANDER HAMILTON U.S. CUSTOM HOUSE

- cass guilbert

- designed in the beaux-art style

AUGUSTE PERRET

- moved away from nationalist romanticism and art nouveau to focus on the structure of buildings and new material, specifically REINFORCED CONCRETE

RUE FRANKLIN APARTMENT BUILDING

- auguste perret

- concrete structure was left clearly visible as part of the exterior design rather than being concealed

LOUIS SULLIVAN

- the father of modernism

- rejected the borrowing of classical greek and roman style

- used natural elements as a metaphor for a democratic society

FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION

- a famous quote by LOUIS SULLIVAN

TRIPARTITE APPROACH

- the approach of louis sullivan

- integrates dispostion of elements, spatial functionality, and aesthetics qualities

SULLIVAN CENTER

- louis sullivan

- remarkable for its steel-framed structure and bay-wide windows

ADOLF LOOS

"ORNAMENT IS A CRIME"

- said that the elimination of ornament = sign of progress

- handcrafters time shouldnt be wasted making ornaments that would eventually become obsolete

RAUMPLAN

- a spatial plan by adolf loos that arrange interior spaces at different levels according to their function and symbolic importance

STEINER HOUSE (VIENNA, 1910)

- adolf loos

- minimal massing on the exterior with richly appointed interiors

VILLA MULLER

- emphasize economy and functionality

- exhibits raumplan in both its interior and exterior

FLANK LLOYD WRIGHT

- emphasized that architecture is a "dignified tree in the midst of nature"

FALLING WATTER (BEAR RUN, 1936-1939)

- FLW

- integrates natural materials and specific furnishings to bring the inside within the forest setting

SOLOMON R. GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM

- FLW

- organic style building in an urban setting

- concept was an inverted ziggurat

- featuring a six-story helical ramp

ALVAR AALTO

- said that architecture is a trunk of a tree

- his work is characterized by the GESAMTKUNSTWERK

GESAMTKUNSTWERK

- an approach of alvar aalto, meaning total work of art

- where the exterior and interior are unified

PAIMIO SANATORIUM (1933)

- ALVAR AALTO

- designed a tuberculosis medical facility that the building itself became part of the healing process of the patients

CHURCH OF SANTA MARIA ASSUNTA (1978)

- built with prefab concrete panels featuring asymmetrical half-arches evoking the profile of the Apennines

FLIPPO TOMMASO MARINETTI

- apoet that wrote "THE MANIFESTO OF FUTURISM"

FUTURISM

- the movement that attracted not only poets, musicians, and artists

- in architecture, it is characterized by long dynamic lines, suggesting speed, motion, urgency and lyricism

LINGOTTO FACTORY

- by GIACOMO MATTE-TRUCCO

- track on the roof

- first futurist invention in architecture

- now used as a convention center

ANTONIO SANT'ELIA

- no completed works of architecture

- remembered for his bold sketches and influence on modern architecture

SQUADRA RIALZO BUILDING

- by ANGIOLO MAZZONI

- the greatest masterpiece of futurist-constructivist-modernist architecture

CIAM (CONGRES INTERNATIONAUX D'ARCHITECTURE MORDERNE)

- association of architects

- advance modernism into an international setting

- promoted urban development

CIAM FOUR FUNCTIONAL CATEGORIES

- dwelling

- work

- transportation

- recreation

CIAM 10 (TEAM X)

- the younger and newer members of CIAM

- disagreed with CIAM with a city that was too structured

DOORN MANIFESTO

- a manifesto delivered by TEAM X at GOLDEN LAN, stating their lost faith in CIAM's core model, claiming that problems identified lacked on establishing sense of identity

METABOLISM

- an architecture movement in JAPAN

- "buildings are like living organisms that morph overtime"

- where proportion and symmetry were irrelevant

NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER

- KISHO KUROKAWA

- an example of japanese metabolism

KENZO TANGE

- 1987 pritzker prize for architecture

- combined traditional japanese styles with modernism

- influenced by le corbusier

HIROSHIMA PEACE MEMORIAL PARK

- first national important cultural properties constructed after wwii

KENZO TANGE _

"architects have a special duty and mission to contribute to the socio-cultural development"

KISHO KUROKAWA

founded the anaheim university kisho kurokawa green institute

CAPSULE HOUSE K

- kurokawa's own villa

- same capsule modules wiht nakagin capsule

SONY TOWER

- kisho kurokawa

- showroom for sony electronics

- same size and mofule with nakagin capsul but exterior is made of stainless stell

KIYONORI KIKUTAKE

- best known for marine city project

MARINE CITY

- metabolist movement

- first and influecntial proposals to build megastructures into the sea after the dissolution of CIAM

KIYONORI KIKUTAKE _

"...contemporary architecture must be capable of responding to the changing needs of the contemporary era"

NEW BRUTALISM

- post-war rebuilding

- building produced were practical, affordable, quick to produce, and maximized the use of materials

- efficiently mass-produced

HUNSTANTON SCHOOL

- ALISON AND PETER SMITHSON

- "it is a school, not a prison"

- manifested at sight, and rests upon a radicalism, which becomes increasingly manifest upon inspection