Ch 27 Quiz

Tennessee Valley Authority (locations

supplied electricity to Tennessee Valley: Alabama, Mississippi, Kentucky, Virginia, North Carolina, and Georgia

Social Security Act

old age pension fund for retired people 65+ and their survivors, Shared federal state unemployment insurance program, Committed national gov to social welfare activities, federal grants for elderly assistance, dependent children, and blind

Dust Bowl

huge drought caused by poor farming practices, results in many farmers leaving Midwest

   

Grapes of Wrath

Steinbeck novel on a family migrating to CA bc of Dust Bowl

What were FDR’s 3 major challenges?

1. Reviving economy

2. Relieving widespread human misery

3. Rescuing farm sector and its families

What is FDR’s three pronged strategy?

1. Remedy immediate banking crisis

2. Increase federal spending to promote industrial recovery

3. Paying farmers to reduce size of crops/herds to raise depressed commodity prices

What exacerbated the depression?

Taking money out of circulation

What happened during the bank holiday?  What did people do with their money?

Pass the Emergency Banking Relief Act, keep their money in the banks

What did the Economy Act do?

Allowed executive branch to cut gov workers’ salaries/reduce veteran pensions/reorganize federal agencies all to cut expenses

What happened in the 100 days?

US became an organized nation confident of its economic and future control

What is the First New Deal?

Dealt with bank reforms 

What did some farmers do?

Used violence to halt evictions

What did FDR do for farmers? (4)

 

1. Farm Credit Administration – reorganized all federal farm credit agencies in FCA

2. Emergency Farm Mortgage Act + Farm Credit Act – authorized financing of farm mortgages

3. Home Owners’ Loan Act – financed mortgage loans for homeowners

4. Federal Housing Administration – offered longer home mortgages

What is the FDIC? Banking Act?

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation which guaranteed personal bank deposits, created the FDIC to reinstall confidence in banking system

What did the Federal Securities Act do?

Required full disclosure on stocks and bond issues at first

What did the Agricultural Adjustment Act do? (two things)

created Agricultural Adjustment Administration and paid for it by levying taxes on processors of basic commodities

What is the NIRA and what are the two major parts?

National Industrial Recovery Act, economic recovery and public-works projects

PWA?

Public Works Administration, gave money to public works developments

NRA? What are the 2 purposes

National Recovery Administration, implement industry wide codes to stabilize economy/decrease chaotic competition and provide jobs to increase consumer purchasing power

What made the dust storms worse?

Transition from subsistence farming to widespread commercial agriculture

What did dry farming lead to?

Increased scale/intensity of farming and indebtedness of farmers

What was it like for African Americans and Mexican Americans?

Roosevelts policies often discriminated against them (ex. New Deal), had devastating effects on them (FHA wouldn’t guarantee mortgages on houses purchased by blacks in white neighborhoods)

What is the Scottsboro Case? What were the girls actually doing? 

All white jury convicts 9 black boys of rape of 2 white girls while on a train, sentences them to death, false accusations (one recants), retried with lawyers this time and all released eventually, catalyst for civil rights movement, prostitution   

What did Powell V. Alabama do?  What did Norris v. Alabama do?

Powell overturned the original Scottsboro conviction of the boys, then Norris ruled that the original ruling had been unjust because blacks were systematically excluded from the jury

Who is Huey Long?  What was he like? What did he do for people?  How did he achieve his goals?  What was his plan for the people?

Senator, desired power/attention, gave tax favors/roads/schools/free textbooks/hospitals/better public services, bribery/intimidation/blackmail    

What did he propose to do (3 things)?

Give all poor families $5k cash grant, every worker an annual $2.5k income, pensions to elderly, reduce working hours

What did Townsend promote? 

Gov pensions for elderly, Townsend Recovery Plan ($200/month to all citizens 60+)

 

Who was the Radio Priest?  What did he want?

Charles Coughlin, dismissed New Deal, wanted Populist scheme of coining silver to increase $$$ supply