ULM COMMS 1018 Exam 2 Study Guide

Nonverbal communication comprises behaviors and characteristics that convey meaning without the use of?

Words

What characteristics does nonverbal communication have?

It is present in most interpersonal conversations, it usually conveys more information than verbal communication, it is usually believed over verbal communication, it is the primary means of communicating emotion, and it is metacommunicative

What functions does nonverbal communication serve?

Managing conversations, expressing emotions, maintaining relationships, forming impressions, influencing others, and concealing information

What are the 10 channels of nonverbal communication?

Facial displays, eye behaviors, movement and gestures, touch behaviors, voices varying in pitch, Smell, The four levels of space that people maintain, physical appearance, the use of time, and artifacts to communicate

True or False, Nonverbal behaviors differ from culture to culture?

True

True or False? Sex does not influence the communication of several nonverbal behaviors

False

The ability of to interpret nonverbal messages is a function of being?

Sensitive to those messages and deciphering their meanings

The ability to express nonverbal messages can be enhanced by?

Spending time with expressive people, and taking part in activities that exercise your expressiveness

Being sensitive to your nonverbal behaviors during videoconferencing and in text based messages can improve?

Your effectiveness as a communicator

A gesture used to satisfy a personal need.

Adaptor

A gesture that communicates emotion.

affect display

An object or a visual feature of an environment with communicative value.

artifact

The use of time.

chronemics

A gesture with a direct verbal translation.

emblem

Cartoon depictions of faces and other objects.

emoji

The use of facial expression for communication.

facial display

The use of arm and hand movements to communicate.

gesticulation

The tendency to attribute positive qualities to physically attractive people.

halo effect

The study of how people use touch to communicate.

haptics

A culture in which people touch frequently and maintain little personal distance with one another.

high-contact culture

A gesture that enhances or clarifies a verbal message.

illustrator

Nonverbal behavior that conveys attraction or affiliation.

immediacy behavior

The distance most people in Western cultures maintain with intimate partners; ranges from 0 to 1½ feet.

intimate distance

The study of movement.

kinesics

A culture in which people touch infrequently and maintain relatively high levels of personal distance with one another.

low-contact culture

The various behavioral forms that nonverbal communication takes.

nonverbal channels

Behaviors and characteristics that convey meaning without the use of words.

nonverbal communication

The study of eye behavior.

oculesics

The study of the sense of smell.

olfactics

The distance most people in Western cultures maintain with friends and relatives; ranges from 1½ to 4 feet.

personal distance

The size of facial features relative to one another.

proportionality

The study of spatial use.

proxemics

The distance most people in Western cultures maintain with public figures during a performance; ranges from 12 to 25 feet or more.

public distance

A gesture that controls the flow of conversation.

regulator

The distance most people in Western cultures maintain with casual acquaintances; ranges from 4 to 12 feet.

social distance

The similarity between the left and right sides of the face or body.

symmetry

Nonverbal behavior that indicates when a person's speaking turn begins and ends.

turn-taking signal

Characteristics of the voice that convey meaning in communication; also referred to as paralanguage.

vocalics

Listening is the active process of?

making meaning out of another person's spoken messages

The ability to listen effectively is important to success in?

A variety of communicative contexts

True or False? Listening is a learned skill that involves more than just merely hearing

True

Cultural differences in the directness of verbal communication affect?

Expectations for listening

What are the six stages that effective listening has?

Hearing, Understanding, Remembering, Interpreting, Evaluating, and Responding

What are the 3 types of listening that people engage in regarding interpersonal contexts?

Informational listening, critical listening, and empathic listening

What is Noise?

Noise is anything that distracts you from listening to what you wish to listen to

Pseudo listening uses ____________ ________________ that make it seem as if you're paying attention even when you aren't.

Feedback Behaviors

What is selective attention?

Selective attention means listening only to what you want to hear

_________________ __________________ refers to the state of being overwhelmed by the large amount of information each of us takes in daily

Information Overload

__________________ ___________ is day dreaming during the time you aren't spending on listening

Glazing over

The _____________________ _____________ is the tendency to debate a speaker's point and formulate your reply while the person is still speaking

Rebuttal Tendency

Being __________-__________ means failing to listen to anything with which you disagree

Closed-minded

Some people engage in _______________ ________________, or interrupting to take control of a conversation

Competitive Interrupting

becoming a better information listener means separating?

What is and isn't said, avoiding confirmation bias, and listening for substance

Becoming a critical listener means being?

Skeptical, evaluating a speaker's credibility, and understanding probability

Becoming a better empathic listener means?

Listening nonjudgmentally, acknowledging feelings, and communicating support nonverbally

The tendency not to listen to anything with which one disagrees.

closed-mindedness

Using interruptions to take control of a conversation.

competitive interrupting

The tendency to pay attention only to information that supports one's values and beliefs while discounting or ignoring information that doesn't.

confirmation bias

Listening with the goal of evaluating or analyzing what one hears.

critical listening

Listening in order to experience what another person is thinking or feeling.

empathic listening

Daydreaming during the time not spent listening.

glazing over

A model of effective listening that involves hearing, understanding, remembering, interpreting, evaluating, and responding.

HURIER model

The state of being overwhelmed by the amount of information one takes in.

information overload

Listening to learn something.

informational listening

The active process of making meaning out of another person's spoken message.

listening

Using feedback behaviors to give the false impression that one is listening.

pseudolistening

The tendency to disrupt listening to internally debate a speaker's point and formulate a reply while the person is still speaking.

rebuttal tendency

Listening only to what one wants to hear.

selective attention

The practice of evaluating the evidence for a claim.

skepticism

The tendency for dramatic, shocking events to distort one's perception of reality.

vividness effect

An emotion is?

Your body's reaction to any event that enhances or inhibits your goals

Three classes of emotion are particularly relevant for interpersonal communication. Name them

Joyful/affectionate emotions

Hostile emotions

Sad/anxious emotions

Joyful/affectionate emotions include?

Happiness, love, passion, and liking.

Hostile emotions include?

Anger, contempt, disgust, jealousy, and envy

Sad/anxious emotions include?

Sadness, depression, grief, fear, and social anxiety

name the components of emotions

Physiological, cognitive, behavioral, and sociocultural components

Can emotions come in primary or secondary farms? Can emotions be meta-emotions?

Yes and Yes

True or False? People across cultures experience the same range of emotions but cultural practices and messages affect how those emotions are communicated

True

Name the 5 display rules

Intensification, deintensification, simulation, inhibition, and masking

is it true that computer mediated technologies affect how we experience emotions and how we communicate them to others?

Yes it does

According to the emotional contagion effect, people have a tendency to?

To mimic the emotional experiences and expressions of those around them

Fact or Nah?: Women and men differ in their tendencies to experience emotion but not in the intensity of their experiences. Women are also more expressive than men, and androgynous adults are more emotionally expressive than masculine men or feminine women

Fact

Name the three characteristics of personality, and what they influence

Agreeableness, extroversion, and neuroticism, and they influence the experience and expression of emotion

Reappraising negative emotions means?

Changing the way you think about the situation that caused the emotions, which can lessen their negative effects

True or False? Competent Communicators accept responsibility for their own emotions instead of blaming others for how they feel

True

Motivations to act in a particular way when experiencing an emotion.

action tendencies

One's tendency to be pleasant, accommodating, and cooperative.

agreeableness

A personality trait limiting a person's ability to understand and describe emotions.

alexithymia

A cluster of neurons in the brain that largely controls the body's fear response.

amygdala

An emotional response to being wronged.

anger

A feeling of superiority over, and disrespect for, others.

contempt

A physical illness involving excessive fatigue, insomnia, changes in weight, feelings of worthlessness, and/or thoughts of suicide or death.

depression

A feeling of revulsion in reaction to something offensive.

disgust

Unwritten codes that govern the ways people manage and express emotions.

display rules

The body's multidimensional response to any event that enhances or inhibits one's goals.

emotion

The tendency to mimic the emotional experiences and expressions of others.

emotional contagion

The ability to perceive and understand emotions, use emotions to facilitate thought, and manage emotions constructively.

emotional intelligence

The process of changing how one thinks about the situation that gave rise to a negative emotion so that the effect of the emotion is diminished.

emotional reappraisal

The desire for something another person has.

envy

One's tendency to be sociable and outgoing.

extroversion