APWH Vocab

Primogeniture (P1)

The legal practice of inheritance where the firstborn child, typically the son, inherits the entire estate, thereby limiting the inheritance rights of younger siblings.

Magna Carta (P1)

Signed by King John and created the foundation for the parliament. It limited the powers of the king and guaranteed certain rights to the nobility. Led to England statehood

Hundred Years’ War (P1)

War between England and France as England occupied it. France won, which led to England’s withdrawal and establishment of France.

Spanish Inquisition (P1 & later)

Forced conversion to Christianity or face the consequences

Tatars (P1)

Group of Mongols who ruled Russia, led to its identity

Burghers (P1)

Middle-class townspeople/merchants in medieval Europe

Hanseatic League (P1)

Controlled trade throughout much of northern Europe. Started in Germany

Heresies (P1)

Beliefs or opinions that deviate from established religious doctrine, often considered as challenges to orthodox teachings. (reason over following)

Humanism (P2)

A cultural and intellectual movement of the Renaissance that emphasized the study of classical texts, human potential, and individualism. More emphasis on the here and now than simply suffering through life to get to heaven.

Indulgences (P2)

Payments made to the Church for the remission of sins, often criticized during the Reformation for their role in the sale of salvation.

Lutheranism (P2)

A major branch of Protestant Christianity that originated with the teachings of Martin Luther, emphasizing justification by faith alone and the authority of scripture.

Calvinism (P2)

A branch of Protestantism founded by John Calvin that emphasizes the sovereignty of God, predestination, and a strict interpretation of the Bible. Destiny is already predetermined by God.

Anglicanism (P2)

Created by King Henry VIII in order to have to declare himself as the head of religious affairs and therefore allow for the annulment of his marriage and the establishment of a national church in England.

Counter Reformation (P2)

Aiming to reform the Church and counter the growth of Protestantism. Done by various means, such as the Council of Trent (a series of meetings). Was successful and prevented the spread Southwards.

The Index (P2)

A list of prohibited books that were considered contrary to the Church.

Scientific Method (P2)

Changed from scholaticism (sole reason) to PROVING why

Deism (P2)

God created everything but doesn’t interfere in the day-to-day workings

Devshirme (P2)

Ottomans collected Christian boys for military and administrative purposes and turned them into fighting warriors called Janissaries.

Zamindars (P2)

Muslim landowners in the Mughal Empire