Foundational Knowledge + Basic Science: Healthcare Systems and Settings

CCMA EXAM PREP

medical assistant responsibilities

• vital signs

• EKG’s

• phlebotomy

• assisting w/ exams

• administering medication

• charting

• insurance processing

Healthcare Personnel: DO

osteopathic medicine

Healthcare Personnel: MCT

medical laboratory technician

Scope of practice

defined by state law + education/training

HMO

a network or organization that provides health insurance coverage for a monthly or annual fee

PPO

preferred providers, out-of-network allowed with higher costs

POS

combo of HMO/PPO

PCMH

Patient-centered medical home

ACO

provides share responsibility and savings

Hospice

end of life care

P4P

pay for performance system

General Providers

GP, Family Practice, Internists

Specialty Providers

Cardiologists, Neurologists, Endocrinologists, Dermatologists

Managed Care Plans

umbrella term for all healthcare plans that provide healthcare in return for monthly payments

Medicare

federally sponsored health insurance program for those over age 65 or disabled

Medicaid

a joint federal and state program providing health coverage to low-income individuals including children, pregnant women, seniors, +disabled

TRICARE

government-sponsored insurance program for active-duty + retired military personnel + their dependents

Workers Compensation

provides wage replacement + medical benefits to employees injured on the job (does not apply for negligence)

Civilian Health + Medical Program of the Department of Veterans Affairs (CHAMPVA)

covers spouses + children of disabled or deceased veterans if not eligible for TRICARE

Private Health Insurance

coverage purchased by individuals or families either through the Health Insurance Marketplace (ACA) or directly from insurance companies

Advanced Beneficiary Notice (ABN)

helps Medicare Fee-For-Services (FFS) beneficiaries make informed decisions about items + services Medicare usually covers but may not cover in specific situations

Allowed Charge

the maximum amount a third-party-payer will reimburse for a procedure or service

Co-insurance

the % of costs the insured pays after the deductible is met (ex: insurance pays 80%, patient 20%)

Co-payment

a fixed amount paid by patient at time of visit (form of cost-sharing)

Deductible

a set of annual amount the patient must pay out-of-pocket before the insurance begins to cover expenses

Explanation of Benefits (EOB)

a statement from the insurer that outlines what was covered, denied, paid, or applied to the deductible

Participating Provider (PAR)

a healthcare provider who has signed a contract with an insurance company and agrees to the insurer’s terms, fees, + reimbursement limits

structural hierarchy

cell → tissue → organ → system

osteo

bone

myo

muscle

neur

nerves

derm

skin

cardio

heart

vas/vasc

veins/arteries

hem/hemo/sangu

blood

angi/angio

blood vessels

aort

aorta

ven/veno/pleb/plebo

veins

cardi/cardio

heart

enceph

brain

rhino

nose

tympan/myringo

eardrum

odont/dento

tooth

hyper

above normal

hypo

below normal

tachy

fast

brady

slow

peri

is around

trans

is across

endo

within or inside

inter

is between

echo

using ultrasonic waves

electro

using electricity

ectomy

removal of

grams

a picture

graph/graphy

process of making a picture

otomy

making a cut in/incision

superior (cranial)

toward the head

inferior (caudal)

away from the head of or toward lower part of body

ventral (anterior)

toward or at the front of the body

dorsal (posterior)

toward back of body/behind

medial

toward the midline of the body

lateral

away from the midline of the body

intermediate

between a medial and lateral position

proximal

close to the origin of the body part of point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

distal

away from the origin of a body part or a point of attachment of a limb to a body trunk

superficial (external)

toward or at the body surface

deep (internal)

away from the body surface

sagittal plane

is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts

desis

surgical binding

meter

device used for measuring

metry

measurement of

opsy

visual examination

pexy

surgical fixation

plasty

surgical reconstruction

scopy

examine, for examining

stomy

surgical opening

tomy

cutting/incision

subcutaneous injection (SA)

injected into subcutaneous fat

intramuscular injection (IM)

injected into muscular belly

Intradermal Injection (ID)

injected superficially into dermis

Drug Schedules: I

No medial use (herorin, LSD)

Drug Schedules: II

High abuse (morphine, oxycodone)

Drug Schedules: III

Moderate abuse (Ketamine, codeine combos)

Drug Schedules: IV

low abuse (Xanax, Ativan)

Drug Schedules: V

lowest abuse (Robitussin AC)

Pharmacokinetics

the quantitative analysis of the processes of drug absorption, distribution, and elimination that determine the time course of drug action in response to an administered drug dose (distribution depends on vascular perfusion)

ADME

absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

1 cc =

1 mL

1 tsp =

5 mL = 5 cc

1 tbsp =

15 ml = 15 cc

Rights of Medication Administration

1. Right Patient

2. Right Medication

3. Right Route

4. Right Time

5. Right Dose

6. Right Documentation

Carbohydrates

used for energy

fats

omega 3 fatty acids

proteins

aid in wound healing, used for energy

minerals/electrolytes

magnesium, potassium, sodium, etc.

vitamins

B vitamins, vitamin C, vitamin K

fiber

sources include fruits vegetables + certain grains

Erikson’s: 1. Trust vs. Mistrust

infancy to 18 months

Erikson’s: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

toddler to 3 years