C3 Bonding, structure, and the properties of matter (Combined)

Ion

An atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons

+1

The ion group 1 elements form

+2

The ion group 2 elements form

-2

The ion group 6 elements form

-1

The ion group 7 elements form

Ionic Bonding

Chemical bonding that results from the electrical attraction between cations and anions.

Cation

A positively charged ion.

Anion

A negatively charged ion.

Dot and Cross

The diagram used to show bondin

Ionic Bonding

Happens between metals and non-metals.

Giant Ionic Lattice

The structure formed by ionic compounds.

Ionic Compound Properties

-High Melting / Boiling points
-When solid it can't conduct electricity
-Dissolve easily in water

Covalent Bonding

A bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

Non-metals

The element type that bonds covalently

H₂

H-H

Cl₂

Cl-Cl

O₂

O=O

N₂

N≡N

H₂O

H-O-H

Polymers

Long chains of repeating units. Lots of small 'units' link together to form a long molecule.

Giant Covalent

A type of bond where lots of atoms are bonded by shared electrons. High melting/boiling points.

Electricity

Not usualy conducted by giant covalents

Diamond

A hard allotrope of carbon.

Graphite

A allotrope of carbon that is made of layered sheets of hexagons.

Metallic Bonding

The chemical bonding that results from the attraction between metal atoms and the surrounding sea of electrons.

Electricity and Heat

What metals conduct

Alloys

mixtures composed of two or more elements

Solid

This state of matter has strong forces holding particles in place.

Solid

This state of matter has vibrating particles.

Liquid

This state of matter has weak forces holding particles in a set shape

Liquid

This state of matter has a definite volume but not a definite shape

Gas

This state of matter has very weak forces holding particles together.

Gas

This state of matter has an indefinite shape and volume.

Gas

In this state of matter particles move constantly with random motion.

(s)

Solid

(l)

Liquid

(g)

Gas

(aq)

Aqueous (dissolved in water)

Melting

Solid to liquid

Boiling

Liquid to gas

Condensing

Gas to liquid

Freezing

Liquid to solid