Chapter 2: The Contest for North America, 1500-1664

flashcards covering major peoples, places, events, and themes from Chapter 2: The Contest for North America, 1500-1664.

Name the three European powers that planted outposts in North America within three years (Jamestown 1607, Québec 1608, Santa Fe 1610).

England, France, and Spain.

Who is known as the 'Father of New France' and founded Québec in 1608?

Samuel de Champlain.

What resource drove the French fur trade and exploration across North America?

Beaver pelts (beaver fur).

Which French king reigned for 72 years starting as a five-year-old and fostered overseas colonies?

Louis XIV.

Which city did Antoine Cadillac establish in 1701 to check Spanish expansion, later becoming a major French outpost?

Detroit (The City of Straits).

Robert de La Salle explored down which river to the Gulf and named Louisiana after Louis XIV?

Mississippi River.

In contrast to the Caribbean colonies, what was the primary purpose of Florida and New Mexico for Spain?

Missionary activity and religious conversion rather than economic gain.

Which naval battle in 1588 signaled the rise of English naval power and the decline of Spanish dominance?

The defeat of the Spanish Armada.

What was Roanoke Island (1585) and what happened to it?

The first English colony in North America; it vanished—the Lost Colony.

What document guaranteed overseas settlers the same rights of Englishmen?

The charter of the Virginia Company.

What 1614 event helped end the First Anglo-Powhatan War and established a fragile peace?

Pocahontas's marriage to John Rolfe.

What treaty in 1646 ended major hostilities and effectively separated Indian and white settlement areas in Virginia?

The 1646 peace treaty (Second Anglo-Powhatan War's end).

Who were the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca collectively known as?

The Iroquois Confederacy (Haudenosaunee), the Five Nations.

What was the longhouse in Iroquois society, and why was it important?

A multi-family dwelling with matrilineal kinship; central to Iroquois social structure.

Who was Handsome Lake and what movement did he promote among the Iroquois?

An Iroquois prophet who promoted the Longhouse Religion, a moral reform movement.

What Dutch colony became New York City after the English seized it in 1664?

New Amsterdam; renamed New York.

Name one enduring Dutch imprint on the middle colonies.

Place names (Harlem, Brooklyn, Hell Gate); Wall Street; gambrel-roofed architecture.

What was the first permanent European settlement in North America, founded by Spain in 1565?

St. Augustine, Florida.