Laboratory Technology

What is random sampling?

sample is collected randomly from a target population.

What is judgmental/selective sampling?

available information in target population is used to help select samples.

What is systematic sampling?

collects samples of target population through intervals.

What is stratified sampling?

Random sampling is done in a subdivided distinct unit of target population.

For each of the following systems, choose the best technique for obtaining a representative sample: (A) – Simple random sampling; (B) – Selective sampling; (C) – Stratified sampling; (D) – Systematic sampling

1. One lot of lotion in the finished goods section (1000 bottles)

2. Polymer film manufactured by a chemical company

3. Patient suspected of chronic poisoning

4. Soil in your hacienda

1. A

2. D

3. B

4. C

what is the difference between grab sampling, composite sampling, and in-situ sampling?

grab sampling - a single sample is taken from the bulk

composite sampling - several grab samples is taken and combined as as single sample

in situ sampling - sampling done within the population without removing the sample

What are the ways in preserving the sample?

• refrigeration/cold storage/freezing

• pH adjustment

• addition of inert gas

• addition of protecting agents

What is the preservation method and holding time of bromide, chloride and fluoride?

none, should be store in a plastic or glass, with a holding time of 28 days.

What is the preservation method and holding time of chlorine?

none, should be store in a plastic or glass, analyze immediately.

What is the preservation method and holding time of nitrate and nitirite?

cool sample to 4°C, in a plastic or glass, holding time 48 hrs.

What is the preservation method of iodine?

cool sample to 4°C, in a plastic or glass, analyze 24hrs.

What is the preservation method of sulfide?

Cool to 4°C, in a plastic, with holding time of 7 days.

What is the preservation method of dissolved metals?

filter on site, acidify to pH 2 using HNO2, store in plastic container, holding time of 6 months

What is the preservation method of total metals (dissolved and not dissolved metals)?

acidify to pH 2 using HNO2, store in plastic container, holding time of 6 months

What is the preservation method of BOD?

cool to 4°C, store in plastic and glass container, holding time of 48 hrs.

What is the preservation method of DO?

cool to 4°C, store in plastic and glass container, holding time of 28 days.

What is the typical drying temperature?

105-110°C for 2hrs

what is dry ashing?

destruction of sample matrix, usually organic matter, by slow combustion at 400 °C – 700 °C inside a furnace.

Choose the appropriate sample preparation method for the following samples:
(A) – Dry Ashing; (B) – Acid Digestion; (C) – Fusion; (D) – Dissolution in Organic Solvents

1. Protein analysis in cereals

2. Lead analysis from leaves

3. Fe determination from ores

1. B

2. B

3. C

What is the purpose of method blank?

to detect any contamination. it can be contamination from reagent, glasswares, containers, or lab environment.

What is the purpose of reagent blank?

• to subtract absorbance, emission, or signal from the reagents.

• check if there is a contamination of the reagent, or traces of analyte

what are the types of error?

• systematic error

• random error

what are the types of systematic error?

• personal error

• method error

• instrumental error

What statistical should you use to detect outliers in small dataset?

Q-test

What is the equation for q-test

Q= (suspect value-nearest value)/range

What is the equation for grubbs test?

G= (suspect value-mean)/std. dev

It is s a structured framework of policies, processes, and procedures that an organization uses to ensure its products, services, or laboratory results consistently meet defined quality standards and regulatory requirements.

Quality Management System

what iso is widely applied general standard to any form of manufacturing or

service industry, regardless of size.

ISO 9001:2015

General requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
o Covers competence of both the laboratory and its staff
o International standard that contains all the requirements that

testing and calibration laboratories have to meet if they wish to demonstrate that they operate a quality system, are technically competent and are able to generate technically valid results.

ISO/IEC 17025

Medicinal labs – Particular requirements for quality and competence

ISO 15189:2007

Differentiate GLP, GMP, and OECD GLP.

• GLP (Good Laboratory Practice): Ensures reliability, integrity, and traceability of non-clinical laboratory studies (e.g., safety/toxicity testing).

• GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice): Ensures quality, safety, and consistency in the manufacturing of drugs, food, and medical products.

• OECD GLP: Internationally harmonized GLP principles developed by the OECD to ensure non-clinical safety data are mutually accepted across countries

What is RA 10625?

Chemistry Profession Act of 2015

What is RA 6969?

Toxic Substance and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990

What is RA 9003?

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000

What is RA 11058?

Occupational Safety and Health Law

What is RA 9165?

Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002

What is RA 9514?

Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

What is DOH-AO 2007-0027?

Guidelines on Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity

What is the title for DENR-DAO 2013-22

Hazardous Waste and Management Guidelines

What is the code for Chemistry Profession Act of 2015

RA 6969

What is the code for Toxic Substance and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990

RA 6969

What is the code for Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000

RA 9003

What is the code for Occupational Safety and Health Law

RA 11058

What is the code for Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002

RA 9165

What is the code for Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

RA 9514

What is the code for DOH Administrative Order on Guidelines on Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity.

DAO 2007-0027

What is the code for DOH Administrative Order on Hazardous Waste and Management Guidelines

DENR-DAO 2013-22

Which law or code regulates the practice of chemistry; requires chemical laboratories to be under the supervision of licensed chemists.

RA 10657 - Chemistry Profession Act 2015

Which law or code controls the use, storage, and disposal of chemicals and hazardous waste in laboratories.

RA 6969 - Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990

Which law or code requires proper segregation and disposal of chemical wastes generated by laboratories.

RA 9003 - Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000

Which law or code mandates safety standards for all workplaces, including laboratories, to prevent chemical accidents and health hazards.

RA 11058 - Occupational Safety and Health Law

Which law or code regulates chemical precursors and essential chemicals used in illegal drug manufacturing; applies to labs with such chemicals.

RA 9165 - Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002

Which law or code regulates the storage and handling of flammable, explosive, and reactive chemicals in laboratories.

RA 9514 - Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008

What code provides guidelines on the handling, transport, treatment, and disposal of hazardous chemical waste.

DENR DAO 2013-22: Hazardous Waste Management Guidelines

What code provides biosafety standards for laboratories handling chemical and biological hazards.

DAH AO 2007-0027 : Guidelines on Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity

What are the characteristics of hazardous waste?

Toxicity, Ignitability,  Corrosivity, Reactivity, Infectious, and Radioactivity

What are the type of gloves are used in handling acids and bases?

Neoprene, PVC, butyl rubber

What is the standard flushing time when chemicals splash in the eye according to ANSI standard?

15 minutes

What is the flushing time when strong alkalis splashed in your eyes?

60 minutes

What is the flushing time for most corrosive substances when splashed in the eye?

30 min

What is the flushing time of non or mild irritant substances splashed in the eye?

5 min

What is the flushing time of moderate to severe irritant substances splashed in the eye?

15-20 min

In National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) Hazard signal, the rating rating scale (0-4) indicates what?

The severity, 0 being the least hazardous and 4 being extremely hazardous

In Chemical Hazard Classification, Class 1 is?

Explosives

In Chemical Hazard Classification, Class 3 is?

Flammable Liquids and Combustible Liquids

In Chemical Hazard Classification, Class 4 is?

Flammable Solids; Spontaneously Combustible Materials; Dangerous When Wet Materials

In Chemical Hazard Classification, Class 5 is?

Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides

In Chemical Hazard Classification, Class 6 is?

Poisons

In Chemical Hazard Classification, Class 7 is?

Radioactive Materials

In Chemical Hazard Classification, Class 8 is?

Corrosive Materials

In Chemical Hazard Classification, Class 9 is?

Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods

_______ provides comprehensive information on chemical substances or mixture.

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

What are the components in a quality control chart (Shrewwhart chart)?

- Central Line

- Lower Warning Limit

- Upper Warning Limit

- Upper Warning Limit

- Lower Action Limit

The process is stopped when the chart violate these rules. What are these rules?

1. A single point exceeds either upper or lower action (control) limit.

2. if 2 or 3 consecutive points are between the UWL and UCL

3. 7 consecutive points completely above or below the CL

4. 6 Consecutive point are all increasing or decreasing

5. 14 consecutive points alternate up and down value

The ____________ is a system used in safety and risk management to minimize or eliminate hazards

Hierarchy of Control Principle

What are these Hierarchy of Controls? (ESECACPPE)

Elimination, Substitution, Engineering Control, Administrative Control, PPE.

What is Class A fire?

Fires involving ordinary combustible solid materials such as wood, paper, rubber, plastic, cloth, etc.

What is Class B fire?

Fires in flammable and combustible liquid.

What is Class C fire?

Fire in flammable gases?

What is Class D fire?

Fires involving combustible metals (i.e., aluminum, magnesium, sodium, titanium etc.)

Electrical fire involves _____.

appliances, computers, phones, etc.

What are the types of fire extinguisher?

Water, foam, powder, CO2, and wet chemical.

What color is the water fire extinguisher?

Red overall

What color is the foam fire extinguisher?

Red with cream band

What color is the powder fire extinguisher?

red with blue band

What color is the CO2 fire extinguisher?

Red with black band

What color is the wet chemical fire extinguisher?

Red with yellow band

What is/are the classes compatible with water fire extinguisher?

Class A

What is/are the classes compatible with foam fire extinguisher?

Class A and B

What is/are the classes compatible with powder fire extinguisher?

Class A, B, C, D, Electrical

What is/are the classes compatible with CO2 fire extinguisher?

Class B and Electrical

What is/are the classes compatible with wet chemical fire extinguisher?

Class A and F

In fire triangle, essential elements for a fire to exist, what are these essential elements.

Oxygen, Fuel, and Heat