CSE 4344 Quiz 1: Key Internet Concepts and Protocols

BW/date rate

A measure of the amount of data transmitted over a network in a given time period.

Latency

The time it takes for a packet of data to travel from the source to the destination.

Loss

The percentage of packets that are lost during transmission over a network.

Transmission Delay

The time taken to push all the packet's bits into the wire.

Propagation Delay

The time it takes for a signal to propagate from the sender to the receiver.

Nodal Delay

The total time taken at a node for processing, queuing, transmission, and propagation.

Processing Delay

The time taken by a router to process the packet header.

Queuing Delay

The time a packet spends waiting in a queue before being transmitted.

Time Division Multiplexing

A method of transmitting and receiving independent signals over a common signal path using synchronized switches.

Frequency Division Multiplexing

A technique where multiple signals are transmitted simultaneously over a single communication channel by allocating a unique frequency band to each signal.

Circuit Switching

A method of communication where a dedicated communication path is established between two endpoints for the duration of the communication session.

Packet Switching

A method of data transmission where data is broken into packets and sent independently over the network.

Packet Loss

The failure of one or more transmitted packets to arrive at their destination.

Traffic Intensity

A measure of the load on a network, calculated as L a / R, where L is the average packet arrival rate and R is the service rate.

Persistent HTTP

A mode of HTTP where a single TCP connection is used to send and receive multiple requests and responses.

Non-Persistent HTTP

A mode of HTTP where a new TCP connection is established for each request and response pair.

Cache

A storage layer that temporarily holds frequently accessed data to speed up retrieval.

Client Cache

Cache located on the client side to store data for quicker access.

Server Cache

Cache located on the server side to reduce load and improve response times.

Advantages of Cache

1. Reduces latency

2. Decreases bandwidth usage

3. Improves data retrieval speed.

Post Office Protocol (POP)

A protocol used by email clients to retrieve emails from a server.

Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)

A protocol that allows email clients to access messages on a mail server without downloading them.

Recursive Query

A type of DNS query where the DNS server takes on the responsibility of resolving the query completely.

Iterative Query

A type of DNS query where the DNS server responds with the best answer it can provide, which may not be the final answer.

Manifest File

A file that contains metadata about a set of resources, often used in streaming protocols.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

A connection-oriented protocol that ensures reliable data transmission.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A connectionless protocol that allows for faster data transmission without guaranteeing delivery.

Application Layer

Enables software programs to negotiate formatting, procedural, security, synchronization, and other requirements with the network.

HyperText Transfer Protocol

The protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet

SMTP (email)

Email Protocol

Transmit data (email) from your server to your outgoing mail server.

Also transmit data (email) from your outgoing mail server to your recipients mail server.

DNS (Domain Name System)

The Internet's system for converting alphabetic names into numeric IP addresses.

DASH

Dynamic, Adaptive Streaming over HTTP

Dynamic DASH

Means that the video stream is not fixed but can change during playback. It allows the system to adjust video delivery in real time based on fluctuating conditions like: Network speed, Device performance, Buffering status

Adaptive DASH

Adaptive refers to the ability of the streaming system to automatically choose the best video quality based on: The user's current internet speed, The device's screen size/resolution, The current buffer health

POP and IMAP: Email Storage Location

POP: Downloads emails from the server to the local device and usually deletes them from the server.

IMAP: Keeps emails on the server, allowing access from multiple devices

POP and IMAP: Device Synchronization

POP: Does not support synchronization across devices. Actions taken on one device (e.g., reading or deleting an email) do not reflect on others.

IMAP: Supports real-time synchronization, so changes made (like reading, moving, or deleting emails) appear the same across all devices.

POP and IMAP: Offline Access and Management

POP: Since emails are downloaded, they are fully accessible offline, but managing folders or status (like read/unread) can be limited.

IMAP: Requires an internet connection for full access and management, although some clients cache messages locally for limited offline use.