good luck :D
caste
Social hierarchy in India, dividing people into distinct classes based on birth, including Brahmins (priests), Kshatriyas (warriors), Vaisyas (merchants), Sudras (laborers), and Pariahs (outcasts)
Indus river valley civilization
Ancient civilization in the Indian subcontinent, known for advanced urban planning and the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
gupta empire
Golden Age in ancient India (320–550 CE), characterized by cultural and scientific achievements, including advances in mathematics, medicine, and literature
Maurya Empire
Ancient Indian empire (322–185 BCE) established by Chandragupta Maurya, known for its political and economic stability.
british influence
Colonial rule in India by the British East India Company and later the British Crown, impacting Indian politics, economy, and culture.
mughal empire
Muslim empire in the Indian subcontinent (1526–1857), known for its architectural and artistic achievements, including the Taj Mahal.
indian independence
Gaining freedom from British rule in 1947, led by leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru
dharma
In Hinduism, the moral and ethical duties and responsibilities that individuals must follow based on their caste, gender, and stage of life
karma
The concept in Hinduism and Buddhism that one's actions in this life will determine their fate in future lives
upanishads/gitas
Sacred texts in Hinduism that explore philosophical and spiritual concepts.
Brahma
hindu god of creation
vishnu
hindu god of preservation
Shiva
hindu god of destruction
reincarceration
Belief in the cycle of rebirth and the transmigration of the soul into a new body after death, central to Hinduism and Buddhism
civil disobedience
Nonviolent resistance against unjust laws or government policies, a concept advocated by Mahatma Gandhi
deccan plateau
Large plateau in southern India, known for its diverse geography and historical significance
dowry
Payment or gifts given by a bride's family to the groom's family in some cultures
East India Company
British trading company that played a significant role in the colonization of India
Himalayan Republics (nepal and Bhutan)
Mountainous regions with distinct cultures, located in the Himalayan range.
Indian national Congress
Political party in India, instrumental in the country's struggle for independence.
Indo gangetic plain
Fertile plain in northern India formed by the Ganges and Indus rivers, crucial for agriculture.
kashmir
Region in northern India with a history of territorial disputes.
winter and summer Monsoons
Seasonal wind patterns influencing climate, crucial for agriculture in India
monopoly
Exclusive control or possession of a commodity or service in a particular market.
Muslim League
Political party advocating for the interests of Muslims in British India
pakistan
Country created in 1947 as a result of the partition of British India, providing a separate nation for Muslims
purdah
Cultural practice in South Asia involving the seclusion or veiling of women
Salt March
Nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930.
sanskrit
Ancient Indic language, the precursor to many modern Indian languages
satyagraha
Gandhian concept of nonviolent resistance, emphasizing truth and moral force
sepoy rebellion
Uprising against British rule in India by Indian soldiers in the East India Company's army (1857–1858).
Sri Lanka
Island nation in South Asia, known for its diverse culture and history.
Thar Desert
Large desert region in northwest India and southeastern Pakistan.
Five Relationships
Central to Confucianism, these relationships include ruler-subject, father-son, husband-wife, older brother-younger brother, and friend-friend.
mandate of heaven/dynastic change
upper class
Social elites
scholars
landowners
officals
Lower class
common people
farmers
laborers
artisans
daoism
Chinese philosophy emphasizing harmony with the Dao, the natural way
confucianism
Philosophy emphasizing moral values, social harmony, and filial piety, attributed to Confucius.
buddhism
Religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama, emphasizing the Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path
communism
Political ideology advocating for a classless society and collective ownership of the means of production
collective/commune
In the context of China, communal living arrangements during periods like the Great Leap Forward
guomintang/nationalism
Chinese political party, initially led by Sun Yat-sen and later by Chiang Kai-shek.
long march
Retreat of the Chinese Communists led by Mao Zedong during the Chinese Civil War.
WWII/Japanese invasion
Impact of World War II and Japanese occupation on China.
formosa/taiwan
Island off the coast of China, formerly known as Formosa, with a complex political history.
Gang of Four
Political faction during China's Cultural Revolution, led by Jiang Qing, wife of Mao Zedong.
Four Olds
Campaign during the Cultural Revolution targeting old customs, culture, habits, and ideas.
Red Guards
Youth paramilitary groups in China during the Cultural Revolution, enforcing Maoist ideologies
Four Modernizations
Reforms in agriculture, industry, science, and defense initiated by Deng Xiaoping in post-Mao China
Warlords
Military leaders with regional power and influence, particularly during periods of political fragmentation
loess hills
Geological feature in China, consisting of wind-deposited sediment.
People’s Liberation Army
Chinese military force, aligned with the Communist Party.
Tiananmen square
Site in Beijing associated with pro-democracy protests in 1989, ending in a government crackdown
Okinawa
Island in Japan, known for its strategic significance and historical events during World War II.
Hiroshima and nagasaki
Japanese cities bombed by the United States with atomic weapons during World War II.
Kyoto
Historic city in Japan, known for its cultural heritage and traditional architecture.
Manchuria and Korea
Regions with historical and geopolitical significance in East Asia.
Edo
Historical name for Tokyo, especially during the Tokugawa shogunate.
Heian
Historical period in Japan (794–1185), marked by cultural flourishing.
diet
Japanese legislative body.
figurehead
Symbolic leader with no real power, often used in the context of a monarchy.
Zaibatsu
Large industrial and financial business conglomerates in Japan.
Typhoon
Powerful tropical cyclone, significant in Japanese history.
Monsoon
Seasonal wind pattern affecting East Asia, crucial for agriculture.
Tsunami
Large ocean wave caused by underwater earthquakes, common in the Pacific Ring of Fire.
Gaman
Japanese cultural concept of enduring and persevering through difficult times.
Juku
Private educational institutions in Japan.
Kumi
Group or association, often used in the context of schools and workplaces.
Shinto
Indigenous Japanese religion, emphasizing kami (spirits) and rituals.
Buddhism
Religious influence in Japan, coexisting with Shinto.
Matsuri
Traditional Japanese festival, often involving Shinto rituals.
4 affirmations
Key principles of Japanese education emphasizing love of country, family, nature, and effort
holidays
Traditional and modern celebrations in Japan.
taika
Reform era in ancient Japan (645–710), leading to political and social changes
heian
Historical period in Japan (794–1185), marked by cultural flourishing.
Meiji
Era in Japan (1868–1912) characterized by rapid modernization and Westernization
Repression
Suppression of dissent or opposition, often by a government
isolationism
Policy of avoiding political and economic relations with other countries
Armistice
Temporary suspension of hostilities, often leading to peace negotiations.
Homogenous Society
Society with a high degree of cultural and ethnic uniformity.
Annex
To incorporate a territory into an existing political entity
demilitarized zone
Buffer zone between North and South Korea, established after the Korean War
Hermit Kingdom
Historical nickname for Korea, reflecting its isolationist policies
Hangul
Korean writing system, introduced during the 15th century
pyongyang
capital of n korea
seoul
capital of s korea
March first movement
1919 uprising in Korea against Japanese colonial rule
Asian Tiger
Refers to highly developed economies in East Asia, including South Korea -Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan
Nuclear threats
Concerns and geopolitical tensions related to nuclear weapons, especially on the Korean Peninsula
sahara
Vast desert in North Africa, one of the world's largest.
mediterranean
region surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, impacting cultures and trade
tropical desert
howt desert regions near the equator
humid sub tropical
Climate zone characterized by hot, humid summers and mild winters
Sahel
Transition zone in Africa between the Sahara Desert and tropical savanna
Rainforest
Lush forest with high rainfall, primarily found near the equator.
Marine
Relating to the sea, including coastal areas and islands.
Desertification
Process where fertile land becomes increasingly arid and unproductive
Great Rift Valley
Geological feature in East Africa, known for its tectonic activity
Martial Law
Temporary military rule, often declared during emergencies.