Neurodevelopmental Disorders

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and definitions related to neurodevelopmental disorders as discussed in the lecture notes.

Amniocentesis

A prenatal medical procedure that allows the detection of abnormalities in the developing fetus by removing and analyzing amniotic fluid.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A developmental disorder featuring maladaptive levels of inattention, excessive activity, and impulsiveness.

Autism spectrum disorder

A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant impairment in social interactions, communication, and restricted patterns of behavior.

Childhood disintegrative disorder

A pervasive developmental disorder involving severe regression in language, adaptive behavior, and motor skills after a period of normal development.

Childhood-onset speech fluency disorder (stuttering)

A disorder involving repetitions of words or parts of words, and prolongations of speech sounds.

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

A genetic test conducted during early pregnancy that samples cells found in the placenta.

Copy number variants

Genes that are deleted as a result of mutations that may influence the development of ADHD and other disorders.

Cultural–familial intellectual disability

Mild intellectual disability that may be largely caused by environmental influences.

Down syndrome

Type of intellectual disability caused by a chromosomal aberration (chromosome 21), known as trisomy 21.

Fragile X syndrome

A genetic condition caused by a defect in the X chromosome, leading to intellectual disability and learning problems.

Intellectual developmental disorder (IDD)

A diagnosis for significantly below-average intelligence and limitations in functioning.

Joint attention

Attention shared by two persons toward an object, limited or absent in people with autism spectrum disorder.

Language disorder

Difficulty in getting one's meaning across (expressive) or understanding messages from others (receptive).

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

X-linked disorder characterized by intellectual disability, signs of cerebral palsy, and self-injurious behavior.

Naturalistic teaching strategies

Instructional techniques used with children that emphasize social interactions over traditional desk instruction.

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Neurologically based disorders that become evident during a child’s developing years.

Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified

Wide-ranging, significant dysfunctions that appear before the age of 18.

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Recessive disorder involving the inability to break down a food chemical, leading to intellectual disability.

Prosody

Vocal characteristics such as tone and stress; often problematic for people with autism spectrum disorder.

Rett disorder

A progressive neurodevelopmental disorder featuring constant handwringing and intellectual disability.

Specific learning disorder

Neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly below-average academic performance.

Tourette's disorder

Developmental disorder featuring multiple dysfunctional motor and vocal tics.