Week 2.1: Sigmund Freud

March/May 6, 1856 at Freiberg, Moravia (part of Czech Republic)

March/May 6, 1856 at Freiberg, Moravia (part of Czech Republic)

Where and when was Sigmund Freud born?

Jean-Martin Charcot

A famous French neurologist where Freud learned hypnotic technique from.

When he received a traveling grant from University of Vienna and studied in Paris.

How did Freud meet Jean-Martin Charcot?

hysteria

• it is a disorder characterized by paralysis or the improper functioning of certain parts of the body

• strictly a female disorder because it was cause by wandering womb - uterus is traveling around the woman’s body causing it to malfunction

Greek word - hystera - uterus

Where does the word hysteria come from?

hypnosis (hypnotherapy or hypnotic suggestion)

It is a trance-like state in which you have heightened focus and concentration

Josef Breuer

A well-known Viennese physician where Freud learned catharsis froma

catharsis

It is the process of removing hysterical symptoms through talking them out

Bertha Pappenheim

She was diagnosed with hysteria which symptoms became severe after his father died of tuberculosis

• paralysis

• involuntary eye movements

• lethargy

• language difficulties

• hallucinations

What are the symptoms of Anna O or Bertha Pappenheim?

Wilhelm Fliess

A Berlin physician who served as a sounding board for Freud’s newly developing ideas through exchange of letters

drives - (instinct or impulse)

• comes from the german word trieb - drive or stimulus within the person

• operates as a constant motivational force

sex and aggression

What are the two headings of drive which Freud also referred to as the cornerstones of psychoanalysis?

sex (eros; life instinct)

• powered by the energy libido

• aim is pleasure but not limited to genital satisfaction

aggression (thanatos or death instinct)

• constituted after the WW1

• powered by an unnamed energy due to the death of freud

• considered as a destructive drive - aims to return the organism to inorganic state

conscious

• awareness at any given point in time, information is directly available to us

preconscious

elements that are not conscious but can become conscious either quite readily or with some difficulty

unconscious

drives, urges, or instincts that are beyond our awareness but motivates most of our words, feelings, and actions

censors

it is used to block the passage between the unconscious and preconscious to prevent undesirable anxiety-producing memories from entering awareness

id or das es

• starts at birth and is based on pleasure principle which uses wish fulfillment to satisfy its needs

• only concerned with satisfying its personal desires

ego or das ich

• starts at the age of 2 - the toddler can understand the concept of right and wrong

• based on reality principle

• mediates between the if and the superego

superego or uber ich

• starts at 5 - child develops his conscience

• moral principle

• represents society’s values and parent’s standards

conscience

this subsystem of superego filters the things we should not do

ideal

this subsystem of superego filters the things we should do

defense mechanism

these are used to deal with unwanted thoughts and desires that works unconsciously and also to protect us from the anxiety

repression

it is known as the mother of all defense mechanisms because it is the most common whereas the threatening memories or feeling are forced back to the unconscious

sublimation

it is a type of defense mechanism which substitute id impulses into a socially acceptable actions - converting negative behavior to positive

displacement

a type of defense mechanism wherein negative impulses are transferred from original target to another person or object

denial

a type of defense mechanism wherein the person state certain facts that do not exist

reaction formation

a type of defense mechanism wherein a person conceal a motive by giving strong expression of the opposite

projection

a type of defense mechanism wherein the attributing unconscious impulse to other people instead of oneself

undoing

a type of defense mechanism wherein to make up for a bad act a person will do something good

rationalization

a type of defense mechanism wherein a person makes excuses that is more socially acceptable

sour grape : dislikes what really likes

sugar coating: like what really dislikes

what are the two types of rationalization and their definition?

regression

a type of defense mechanism wherein a person turns to behavior in early phases of life (safe stage)

oral receptive

a type of oral stage wherein the child received nourishment without frustration

oral sadistic

a type of oral stage wherein a child doesnt always get what they wanted

mouth (birth to 2 years old)

what is the erogenous zone of oral stage and age range?

anal retentive

a type of anal stage wherein the child is properly toiled trained

anal expulsive

a type of anal stage wherein the child is not properly toiled trained

anus (2-3 years old)

what is the erogenous zone and age range of anal stage?

• over eating

• excessive drinking

• biting pencils and straws

• putting objects in mouth

• too much talking

what are the oral personalities?

• orderly, organized, and tidy

• meticulous, perfectionist

• stingy

what are the anal retentive characteristics?

• disorganized, messy

• stubborn

• generous

what are the anal expulsive characteristics?

• orderliness

• stinginess

• obstinacy

what are the anal triad characteristics?

genital area (3-6 years old)

What are the erogenous zone and age range of phallic stage?

• sucking

• biting

• licking

what are the activities in oral stage?

toilet training

what is the activity in anal stage

sexual desire to opposite sex parent

• male oedipus complex

• female oedipus complex

what are the activities in phallic stage?

• confused or weak sexual identity

• mother/father fixation: being attracted to a much older opposite sex

what are the characteristics of phallic stage?

male oedipus complex

it is when the male child develops unconscious sexual desires for the mother and will identify the father as a rival

female oedipus complex

it is when the female child develops hostility to her mother because she blames her for not having a penis

socialization - meeting friends at school

what is the activity involved in latency stage?

• sexual intercourse (coitus)

• sexual maturation (nocturnal emission, menarche)

what are the activities involved in genital stage?

genital area (puberty onwards)

what is the erogenous zone and age range in genital stage?

manifest content

It is what the dreamer sees or remember

latent content

it is the unconscious representation of the dream

repetition compulsion

it is the repetition of frightening dreams due to trauma

condensation

the unconscious motives or dreams are disguised not as extensive as in latent content

displacement

unconscious motives are replaced by symbols

projective tests

A person is shown unclear images or objects and is asked to respond by telling a story, identifying what they see, or drawing something. Their responses reveal hidden thoughts or feelings from their unconscious mind.

free association

a practice in psychoanalytic therapy wherein a therapist asks a person in therapy to freely share thoughts, words, and anything else that comes to mind

transference

a strong sexual or aggressive feelings, positive or negative, the client develops towards the analyst; usually came from their parents.

counter transference

occurs when a therapist transfers emotions to a person in therapy, is often a reaction to transference

Freudian Slips (Parapraxes)

Commonly called slips of the tongue, pen, misreading, incorrect hearing, misplacing objects are not chance accidents but reveal a person’s unconscious intentions.