CNA State Exam Practice

abdominal thrust

(heimlich maneuver) used to dislodge an object obstructin the airway

abductor wedge

triangular-shaped device placed between the patients legs to prevent them from crossing and to improve him alignment

acute

condition or disease that has a rapid onset and is of short duration

adduction

movement of a limb or body towards the midline of the body

ALS

neurodegenerative disease that weakens muscles and impcts physical function

agina

chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscole

anti-embolic stocking

helps prevent blood clots in the legs

antisepsis

preventing or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms

aphasia

difficulty speaking, listening, reading, writing

arthritis

inflammation of the joints, causing pain, stiffness, swelling

aspiration

inhalation of food, lquids, or other foreign material into the lungs

atrophy

wasting away or decrease in size of an organ or tissue

axillary temperature

body temperature measured under the armpit

shower temperature

temperature between 98.6F and 102F

bedrest

medical order tha restricts a patient to bed for therapeutic reasons

body alignment

proper positioning of the body to maintain balance and prevent injury

bone loss

decrease in bone mass, can lead to osteoporosis

cardiac arrest

sudden cessation of heart function

cardiovascular system

organs and tissues involved with heart, blood vessels, and blood

cataract

clouding of the lens in the eye that can impair vision

catheter

thin tube inserted into the body to drain fluids or deliver medication

clear liquid diet

consists of only clear liquids, such as wter, clear broth, or fruit juice without pulp.

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe

cerebrovascular accident

(stroke) interruption of blood flow to the brain, causing neurological damage

dangling

hanging legs on the side of the bed, allowing BP to adjust before standing

decubitus ulcer

pressure sore or bed sure, an injury to skin and underlying tissue caused by prolonged pressure

depression

mental health disorder of persistent sadness, loss of sadness, or other symptoms

diabetes

chronic condition characterized by high blood sugar levels

dialysis

remove waste products and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys are no longer functioning properly

diastolic

lower number in BP; represents the pressure the arteries when the heart is resting between beats

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

dyspnea

difficulty breathing

dysuria

pain or difficulty urinating

edema

swelling caused by the accumulation of fluid in the tissues

emphysema

lung condiiton that causes shortness of breath

enema

introduciton o ffluid into the rectum to stimulate a bowel movement

fecal impaction

blockage of the rectum by hardened stool

foley catheter

thin tube inserted into the bladder to drain urine

foot drop

foot hangs down due to weakness or paralysis of the muscles that lift the foot

fowlers

position in which the head of the bed is raised 45-60 degrees

gangrene

death of body tissue due to lack of blood supply

gastric feedings

delivery of nutrients directly into the stomach through a tube

gastrostomy tube

tube inserted through the abdomen into the stomach for feeding

geriatrics

medical branch concerned wiht the diseases and care of elderly people

grand mal seizure

seizure characterized by loss of consciousness and violent muscle contractions

hand tremors

involuntary shaking of hands

hemiplegia

paralysis of one side of the body

hip prosthesis

an artificial hip joint

holistic care

approach to healthcare that addresses the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs of the individual

hyperglycemia

high blood sugar

hyperventilation

rapid and deep breathing, causing dizziness and fainting

incontinence

involuntary loss of urine or feces

indwelling catheter

catheter that remains in place in the bladder for continuous drainage of urine

integumentary system

organ system that protects the body from the external environment and helps regulate body temperature (skin, hair, nails, glands)

jaundice

yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes caused by an accumulation of bilirubin in the blood

living will

legal document that expresses a person’s wishes regarding future mecical care, especially in life-threatening situations

log roll

turning a patient in bed while maintaining spinal alignment

medical asepsis

practices used to reduce the number of microorganisms and prevent their spread

multiple sclerosis

chronic disease that affects the central nervous system, causing problems with movement, balance, and vision.

nasal cannula

device that delivers oxygen through the nose

nosocomial

originating in a hospital or other healthcare setting

orthostatic hypotension

a sudden drop in blood pressure that occurs when a person stands up from a sitting or lying position

ostomy

collect bodily waste that is diverted from its normal path

palliative care

relieving the symptoms and improving the quality of life for people with serious illness

parkinsons

degenerative disorder of the nervous system that affects movement

phantom pain

pain that is percieved as coming from a limb or body part that has been amputated

postmortem care

care provided to the body of a deceased person

pronation

turning the palm of the hand downward

quadriplegia

paralysis of all four limbs

radial

relating to the radius bone in the forearm

resuscitation

reviving someone whose heart and breathing havre stopped

rigor mortis

stiffness of the body that sets in several hours after death

sputum specimen

sample of mucus coughed up from the lungs

STAT

immdeiately; at once

sundowning

confusion and agitation worsen in the late afternoon or evening

suprapubic

above the pubic bone

tahycardia

abnormally rapid heartbeat

thick liquids

liquids that are easier to swallow

urinary catheter

tube inserted into the bladder to drain urine

varicose veins

enlarged or twisted veins, often appearing in the legs

wrinkle free

how should the sock be for “apply a knee high anti embolic stocking to a resident’s leg"?

lock bed/wheelchair

important steps for “assist a resident to ambulate using a gait belt”

measurement within 25ml

wash hands correctly

important steps for “assist a resident with the use of a bedpan, measure and record urine output with hand washing?

hold catheter in place

clean with strokes away from uretha

wash hands correctly

important steps for “catheter care for a female resident with hand washing”

place towel in the bottom of the sink

important steps for “clean an upper and lower denture”

Donn and Doff gloves correctly

wash hands correctly

important steps for emptying urine bag

undress from the strong side
dress from the weak side

important steps for dressing a resident with a weak side

position 75-90 degrees

within 25% of observer calculation

within 30ml of observer calculation

important steps for assisting a dependent resident with a meal in bed

dry thoroughly between toes

important steps for foot care

wash eyes from inner to outer

important steps for bed bath

put on gloves before brushing

important steps for brushing a resident’s teeth

check for pain/discomfort

important steps for passive range of motion

clean vaginal area from top to bottom

wash from vagina to rectal area

wash hands correctly

important steps for peri care (females)

direct observer to the opposite side of the bed

important steps for positioning a dependent resident in the bed on their side

lock bed and wheelchair

important steps for transferring a resident from bed to wheelchair using a gait belt

signal start of time on clock

radial pulse within 4

respitory rate within 4

important steps for vital signs