Music Clubs and Concerts

fuck this drinking song

Francis Hopkinson

Patriot, musician, lawyer, judge, and one of the fifty-six signers for the Declaration of Independence; studied the harpsichord; wrote poems about and composed music; one of the earliest Americans to arrange concerts

Art music

Concert music designed for a private audience

Seven Songs for the Harpsichord or Forte Piano

Book published by Hopkinson, dedicated to Washington, actually included eight songs, November 20 1788

Consort of Musick

Earliest colonial concert held in Boston on February 3 1729

Public concerts

Organized by a professional or music lover and open to all for a small fee

Benefit concerts

Organized to benefit a cause, proceeds go to any charity or cause

Subscription concert series

Year long series of concerts for subscribers, a common model for contemporary city symphonies and philharmonic orchestras

Philharmonic

Literally meaning "loving harmony", large, multi instrument orchestras

Cecilia

The patron saint of music

Aria

Vocal work emphasizing emotion or soloist's virtuosity

Opera

Large scale theatrical work

Chamber music

Small group of performers

Overture

Orchestral piece preceding a theatrical work

Symphony

Stand alone piece for orchestra

Concerto

One or more soloists and orchestra

American orchestras

Modeled after English ones, smaller than European orchestras, usually eight-nine players

Moravian musicians

Used instrumental music alongside anthems during worship

Collegium Musicum

Moravian ensemble practices that utilized outside music

John Antes

First American to write chamber music

Salem quintets

Johann Friedrich Peter's six quintent pieces

English Civil War

Parliament executed King Charles I in 1649

Commonwealth

Oliver Cromwell ruled; Puritan limited instruments even more

Restoration

Charles II retook the throne in 1660; musical gatherings grew considerably

Oliver Cromwell

A Puritanical Calvinist who oversaw the removal of many organs and instruments, leading to the popularity of vocal music

Taverns and pubs

A drinking place were some organs ended up; instrumental music making was banned here though

Oxford

School where vocal music organizations arose in music clubs

Noblemen and Gentlemen's Catch Club

London club that sang two different types of vocal works; catches and glees

Catch

Multiple voices singing the same melody at different times, based on imitative polyphony, also known as singing in rounds

Glee

Multiple lines divided into short sections of poetry

Anacreontic Society

Imitated the Noblemen and Gentlemen's Catch Club, founded by aristocrats and wealthy amateur singers, name of club is derived from the Greek poet Anacreon, met in the London Coffee House on Ludgate Hill and later moved to the Crown and Anchor Tavern

Anacreontic Society structure

Instrumental concert, supper, singing, performing the Anacreontic Song, get drunk and sing more

The Anacreontic Song

Composed by John Stafford Smith, considerably difficult to sing, uses verse-chorus form; typically a trained vocalist performed it

Musical Society of Yale College

1786

Harvard's Singing Club of the University

1789

Columbian Anacreontic Society

1795, New York

Harmonical Society

Founded in New York one year after the Columbian Anacreontic Society

Federalists

Disproved of the French Revolution, sided with Britain

Anti-Federalists

Approved of the change in French regime; called themselves citizens and Citizenesses

Freedom Triumphant

A version of the Anacreontic Song that was pro-France

Edmond-Charles Genet

French envoy who attempted to recruit Americans to fight for France

Neutrality Proclamation

Issued by Washington, declared American neutrality in the French-British war

Francis Scott Key

Writer of the Star Spangled banner, was on a ship and wrote lyrics onto an envelope upon seeing the American flag still flying over the fort after a brutal assault; originally titled Defence of Fort M'Henry