AnP I Lab 3 Quiz

Integumentary System (Parts):

Hair, Nails, and Skin

Integumentary System (Purposes):

Protection, Secretion, Sensation, Temperature Regulation, and Vitamin D

Cutaneous Membrane

skin, composed of two layers

Epidermis (Where, Made of?, Common?):

Superficial, keratinized stratified squamous, keratinocytes common

Keratinocytes (Where, What, Purpose):

Epidermal cells, produce keratin, protective and waterproofing

Melanocytes (Where, What, Purpose):

Epidermal cells, produce melanin, protective pigment

Tactile (Merkel) Cells (Where, What):

Epidermal cells, Specialized light touch receptor

Dendritic (Langerhans) Cells (Where, What, Purpose):

Stratum spinosum, Specialized white blood cells, engulf and digest foreign particles

Stratum Corneum (Where, What):

superficial epidermal layer, dead cells shed

Stratum Lucidum (Where, What):

Epidermal layer, dead keratinocytes, only thick skin

Stratum Granulosum (Where, What, Process):

Epidermal layer, many layers of keratinocytes, fill with keratin die

Stratum Spinosum (Where, What):

Epidermal layer, containing many layers of keratinocytes and dendritic

Stratum Basale (Where, What):

Deepest epidermal layer, single layer of dividing keratinocytes and melanocytes

Dermis (Where, Made of?)

Deep, loose and dense irregular

Papillary Layer (Where, What, Size):

Superficial, areolar loose, 1/5 dermis

Dermal Papillae (What, Made of?, Purpose):

bumps, capillaries, tactile corpuscles, or free nerve endings, create fingerprints.

Reticular Layer

Deep, dense irregular, collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers, 4/5 dermis

Hypodermis (Where, What, Purpose):

Under dermis (not skin), mostly adipose tissue, connects to other tissues and blood vessels

Adipose Tissue (Where, What, and Purpose):

hypodermis, Fat tissue, energy storage, insulation, and physical protection

Hair Root (Where, Made of):

hair below surface in hair follicle, living keratinocytes

Hair Bulb (What, Purpose):

Knob base, enclose papilla

Hair Shaft (Where, What):

above skin surface, dead keratinocytes

Hair Papilla (What, Made of):

bottom indent, nourishing capillaries

Hair Follicle (What):

sheath encloses the root

Arrector Pili Muscle (What, Purpose):

smooth muscle attached to hair, pulls upright or produces goosebumps

Hair Matrix (Where, Purpose):

base of bulb, keratinocyte generation

Eccrine Gland:

Gland secretes sweat

Sweat Pore:

skin opening for sweat exit

Apocrine Gland (Where, What, Triggers):

armpits, anogenital areas, and areola, secretes protein sweat, response to pain, stress, or sexual stimulation

Sebaceous Gland:

secretes hair oil

Eponychium (Where, What, Made of):

distal of proximal nail fold, cuticle, stratum corneum

Hyponychium (What, Purpose):

stratum corneum under free edge, secures nail to bed

Lunula:

Crescent white area at nail base

Nail Bed:

epidermal tissue beneath nail plate

Nail Fold:

Folded skin borders

Nail Matrix (Where, What):

Proximal section of nail bed, actively dividing cells for nail growth

Nail Plate:

nail body and root, covers bed

Nail Body:

main nail

Nail Root:

Proximal part of nail plate, beneath skin

Free Edge of Nail:

Distal portion, hangs off finger

Free Nerve Endings (What, Purpose):

Unencapsulated receptors, detect pain, temperature, and touch.

Sensory Nerve:

detects environmental changes, transmits to cns

Tactile (Meissner) Corpuscle (Where, What, Purpose):

dermal papillae, encapsulated receptor, responds to light touch

Lamellar (Pacinian) Corpuscle (Where, Purpose):

deep in skin, responds to pressure and vibrations

Thermoreceptor:

specialized temperature receptor

Nociceptor:

specialized pain and damage receptor

Mechanoreceptor:

mechanical receptor, responds to pressure, stretch, or vibration

Referred Pain:

pain felt at a site different from the actual location

Two-point Threshold:

Minimum distance where two distinct points feel separate

Adaptation:

repeated stimulation leads to decrease in sensory perception

Sensory Homunculus:

map of most nerve dense places

Thick Skin

thick stratum corneum and a stratum lucidum, no hair follicles or sebaceous glands

Thin Skin

thin stratum corneum, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands, no stratum lucidum