CRM100 - CYBERCRIME

Cybercrime def

Cybercrime is illegal behaviour that involves to use of a computer or computer network

2 different ways to use computers/networks to commit crime

1. Computer enable crime: crimes that involve the incidental use of a computer or network

2. Computer dependent crime: crimes that require the use of as computer or network

Definition of computer

Anything that takes information in, processes it, then outputs it

Definition of network

2 or more computers that are connected

4 broad categories of cybercrime (David wall)

1. Cyber trespass

2. Cyber deception and threats

3. Cyber obscenity

4. Cyber violence

Computer hacking

• the unauthorised access and subsequent use of other people computer systems

• Can overlap w other crimes such as theft or fraud

Computer hacking

• the unauthorised access and subsequent use of other people computer systems

• Can overlap w other crimes such as theft or fraud

Cyber deception and threats

• The illegal acquisition of information and/or resources in cyberspace

• Akin to crimes against property/theft and fraudulent acquisition of psysical resrouces

• Example of a good associated with property rights in digital currencies.

• Example is fraud, forgery and identity theft

Fraud

The criminal acquisition of money or property from victims through the use of deception or cheating eg. False billing scams

Digital forgery

The creation and or manipulation of a document using a computer for financial social or political gain

Identity theft

The use of someone else’s identification information in order to obtain money, credit, goods or services

Cyber obscenity

Content that is defined as obscene or indecent within a particular jurisdiction eg child exploitation material

3 types of child exploitation material offences

Production, possession and distribution

Cyber violence

Sending or accessing injurious, hurtful or dangerous materials online. Eg stalking or threats over a network

Cyber bullying and harassment

Any intentional, aggressive behaviour performed through electronic means that results in emotional harm/social embarrassment

3 common techniques of hacking

1. Payload attacks: process of installing malware onto a device

2. Packet sniffing: observation of data packets as they travel across a network

3. Shoulder surfing: looking physically over someone’s shoulder to gain access to a computer system

5 typology’s of computer hackers

1. Black hats - hacks with malice or personal gain

2. White hats - hack for the greater good

3. Grey hats - engage in hacking for financial benefit, sell info to govt

4. Red teams - play the role of a hacker to give cybersecurity feedback

5. Script kiddies - an unskilled individual who uses scripts or programs developed by others to attack computer systems

Motivations of hackers

• SLT

• Rational choice theory

• Victim blaming

• Creativity and rebellion

• Political ideology

Hacking and SLT

The methods and motives of computer hacking aren learned through SLT

Hacking and rational choice theory

• black hat hackers

• Offending linked to experiences of poverty

• Risk v reward

Neutralisation and drift in hackers

• most criminals drift in and out of deviant behaviours

• Through the 5 techniques of neutralisation such as denial of injury and victim

• Victim blaming

Hack motivations: creativity and rebellion

Transgressive craft - craft is the value attached to the mastering of making things, transgression is the value attached to resisting traditional sources of authority