PT CARE REGISTRY: ETHICAL/LEGAL

What are ethics?

right and wrong behavior or a set of values that guides conduct in relationships

What are 3 ways patients can give consent?

verbal, informed, implied

Who created the patients bill of rights?

AHA

What names the individual authorized to make health care decisions for them if unable and includes DNR, and DNI?

advance directive/living will

Who established practice standards?

ASRT

Who is authorized to request xray exams?

physicians, PA’s, NP’s

What is a tort or personal injury law?

causing harm or injury to another person which can be intentional/unintentional (negligent)

What are ex of intentional (misconduct)?

false imprisonment, assault, battery, defamation, invasion of privacy

What is false imprisonment?

illegal restriction of a person’s freedom or against their will or using unauthorized restraint

What is manipulation of electronic data that is ethnically wrong and legally questionable

fraud

What are ex of fraud?

using wrong processing algorithm, alternating EI, cropping/masking anatomy

Assault vs battery

threaten harm/causing fear vs carrying out the threat or unlawful touching w/o consent

What are examples of battery?

performing an exam on a patient without consent, radiographing wrong pt/body part

What are malpractice lawsuits usually initiated on the basis of?

negligence or failure to use reasonable prudent care

What is defamation?

A false statement that injures a person's reputation or disclosing info to unauthorized individuals

What are two types of defamation?

spoken (slander) and written (libel)

What is res ispa loquitur

the thing that speaks for itself; negligence was obvious

What is an example of res ipsa loquitur?

pt injured due to as a result of a techs misperformance or leaving forceps inside pt during surgery

What is unintentional misconduct or negligence?

neglect or omision of resonable care

What is gross negligence?

acts that show reckless disregard for life or limb

What is contributory negligence?

injured person is contributing to injury

What are examples of negligence?

patient falls, positioning injuries, inquire pregnancy, masking images, or modifying EI values

What 4 factors are required to establish malpractice?

establishment of standard of care, violation by radiographer, injury caused by radiographer, injury occurred and is a result of negligence

What is the purpose of ARRT?

promote high standards and professional behavior, ensure quality patient care, impose sanctions on radiographers

What s the difference bw rule of ethics vs code of ethics?

code of ethics is aspirational but rule of ethics are enforceable/mandatory and a violation can result in santion/injuction

What is standards of ethics?

guidlines for making decisions and is made up of code of ethics and rule of ethics

True or False. Failure to disclose a conviction of ethical rules is a violation

True

What are the AHA patient care partnership rights?

right to refuse treatment, right to confidentiality, right to continuing care, right to informed consent, privacy, respectful care

Who is able to make decisions for on a patients behalf?

designated surrogate and proxy

What two process will avoid costly events and should be done prior to an exam?

patient identification and timeout process

What factors are impacted by verbal communication?

tone/rate of speech, eye contact, vocabulary

What are examples of nonverbal communication?

personal appearance, appearance of work area, facial expression, touch, eye contact, body language

What are the 5 phases of grief?

Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

What phase of grief is exhibiting good behavior by being tolerant and uncomplaining?

bargaining

What phase of grief is where the pt accepts the loss and mourn for past life and pt is quiet/withdrawn?

depression

What stage of grief is a defense mechanism that helps the individual adapt to the truth?

denial

What phase of grief is frustration, helplessness, seeming injustice

anger

What phase of grief is loss of interest in everything except the support of the loved ones/caregivers close and disengages from life?

acceptance

What is ethnocentrism?

belief that one’s own culture is superior to any other way; most significant communication barrier

At what age do pts have separation anxiety, and keeping a familiar object near is necessary?

infants (birth-1 year)

What age group should be spoken to at eye level, and teh radiographer should be cheerful?

toddlers (1-2 years)

What age group benefits from simple explanations of what is occuring and how they an help?

3-5 years

What age is school aged children?

6-12 years

What age group requires privacy and modesty?

13-18

What age group is gaining independence, recognizes one’s vulnerability clearly, and children, marriage, or a career is important?

young adults 19-45

What age group are middle adults?

46-64 years old

What age group are older adults?

65-79

What age group is anyone older than 80?

elderly

What are some physical changes an older adult will experience?

increased pain threshold, breakdown of skin, atrophy of fat pads/sweat glands, loss of sensation in the skin, hypothermia, bone/muscle mass

True or False. Radiographers shouldn’t assume all geriatric patients are hard of hearing, clumsy, or not mentally alert

true

True of False. The radiographer should be able to answer basic questions regarding other imaging modalities

true, they should also be able to answer questions regarding other medical center services

True or false. Thyroid assessments must precede any exams involving contrast

True, as contrast agents can affect thyroid function.

True or False. Schedule barium studies first

False, schedule them last

True or false. schedule patients who held NPO first, geriatrics, and diabetic pts

True

What type of preparation is done for GI system or urinary system exams?

low residue diet, NPO for 8-12 hrs, enemas used to cleanse GI