ANML SC - Horse breeds

Breeds of x horses with characteristics

American Quarter Horse ( U.S )

• Originated more than 300 years ago

  • Racing down open areas down the main street in settlement towns

  • Distance was no longer than a ¼ mile

  • Can run ¼ mile faster than any other breed

• Fast starters, great at turning, and stopping, great speeds at short distances

• All American Futurity and Derby and Ruidoso Downs

• 2 types

  • Racing type

    • Infusion of thoroughbred breed

  • Working type

    • Roping, working cattle, pleasure riding

• Largest registered breed in the world

• Up to 55 mph in less than 21 seconds

• Colors (most common) : Chestnut, Sorrel Bay, and Dun

• 14.2 - 15.2 hands (4 inches) high

• 1,000 - 1250 lbs

American Saddlebred

• Traced back to 4-mile race stallion Denmark foaled in 1939

• Developed in plantation states of the south

• Used for long distant rides, parades, jumping, work

• 3 gated (walk, trot, canter)

• 5 gaited (slow, gait, rack)

• Colors: bay, brown, gray, chestnut, roan, black, and golden

• 15-16 hands

• 1,000 - 1,500 lbs

Arabian

• Originated in either Egypt or Libya

• “Easy keeper”

  • Maintains good condition on low levels of grain and pasture

  • Gentle disposition

    • Prefers companionship to humans sometimes

• Dish face

• One less vertebrate in some

  • Lumbar 5 instead of 6

• Dominate the sport of endurance racing

  • Tevis cup

• Pleasure riding, racing, showing and as a stock horse

• Colors: bay, gray, chestnut, white or black

• 14.2 - 15.2 hands

• 850 - 1,000 lbs

Morgan

• Descendent of Justin Morgan the racing horse that never lost a race

  • Outpull, outrun, outjump or outdo any horse

• Known for being quiet, docile, sturdy, and all purpose

• Used for stocking and driving

• Straight long legs and thick neck

• Only survivor of Battle of Little Big Horns: Comanche, Senior Captain Keogh’s Morgan

• Bay, brown, black, chestnut

• 14.2 - 16 hands

• 800 - 1,200 lbs

Morab

• Morgan x Arabian

• Developed in California

• Shows, pleasure and endurance riding, and ranch work

• Variety of colors

• 14.3 - 15 hands

• 950 - 1,200 lbs

Missouri Fox Trotter

• Crossed with American Saddlebred, Standardbred and Tennessee walking horse

• Fox trot gait

  • Hind foot strikes the ground just ahead of diagonal front foot

• Used as a pleasure / stock horse and for trail riding

Peruvian Paso

• Originated in Peru 450 years ago

• Broken gait

  • Legs on same side move together, but hind foot strikes the ground a fraction of a second before the front foot —> 4 beat gait

• Smoothest riding horse in the world

• Before 17th century most of world’s horses were naturally gaited (four beat gait)

• Horses that were not were called “boneshakers”

  • Only pack animals

  • For servants

  • Knights would ride a naturally gaited horse but keep a trotting horse for battle

• After 17th century trotting horses gained popularity

  • Pulling wheeled vehicles

  • Working cattle

• Pleasure and parade

Standardbred

• Crossing of Thoroughbred stallion Messenger w/ native mares

• Considered fastest harness horses until 1800s when Morgans took over

  • Hambletonian was born 1849 and took back reputation for standardbreds

    • 90% of all standardbreds can be traced back to him

• 2 types

  • Trotter: nongaited

  • Pacer: gaited

• Standard registry: mile - 2 min 30s for a trot and 2 min 35s for a pace

• Harness racing, shows

• Bay, brown, chestnut, black, gray, roans, duns

• 14.2 - 16.2 hands

• 850 - 1,200 lbs

Tennessee Walking Horse

• Developed in Tennessee

• Standardbred, Thoroughbred, American Saddle Horse, and Morgan Blood

• “Gentlemen of Equines”

  • Gentle disposition

  • Gliding sensation

• Known for “running walk”

  • Inherited and cannot be taught to a horse who does not have it nautrally

  • 4 beat gait w/ gliding motion and a bobbing of the head and swinging of ears w/ each step

• Also have a flat foot walk and canter

• Plantation horse for owner inspecting immense fields, country doctors who spent long times on a horse, preachers who could plan their sermons

• Pleasure walking, and show

• Variety of colors

• 15 - 16 hands

• 1, 000 - 1, 200 lbs

Thoroughbred

• Early days few breeding records b/c did not name horse until it proved outstanding ability

• Weatherby published first stud book in 1791

• Col. Sanders D. Bruce published American Stud Book

  • Jockey club took it over

  • Hold identity of every kind of this species that competes or bred

  • One of the most sophisticated databases holding more than 1.8 million horses tracing back to the late 1800s

• Refined conformation

  • Long, straight, well-muscled legs

• Racing, stock, polo mounts, and hunters

• Kentucky Derby, Belmont Stakes, Preakness (Triple crown winner)

• Bay, brown, chestnut, black, roan

• 15 - 17 hands

Andalusians

• Known as Purebred Spanish Horse

• Oriental horses brought by the Moors when they invaded Spain and crossed with Spanish horses

• Bred primarily by Carthusian Monks in the Middle Ages

• Long manes and tails

• Flat or convex nose, small ears, large neck, massive chest, and lean quarters

• Trotting breed

• White or light gray or bay

Draft horses

• • Power to pull heavy loads esp in the field, forest and town

  • Calm and gentle giants

  • War horses of Medieval times

American Cream

• Origin in Iowa from mare named Old Granny

  • Unusual for mare to have such prepotency

  • White mane and tail, amber eyes, pink skin, rich cream color

• Currently on endangered species list since 1980s

• 1,600 - 2,000 lbs

• 15 - 16.3 hands

Belgian

• Belgium w/ fertile soil and abundant rainfall had plenty of pastures, hay and grain to develop a heavy powerful breed

• Imported to US for draft purposes in 1866 popularity grew until WWII and the invention of row-cropped tractors

• Popularity beginning to rise again

• Farm work and exhibition

• Lowest set and most massive of draft horses

• Bay, chestnut, roan

• 15,2 - 17 hands

• 1,000 - 2,400 lbs

Clydesdale

• Lanarkshire Scotland

• Beer Wagon Horse

• Farm work & exhibition

• Known for its massive size, carrying style, distinctive coloring, and feathering on its legs

• One of the judging for this breed is their foot must be lifted clearly off the ground (high stepping)

• Bay or brown w/ white markings, black manes, feathered legs

• 15.2 - 17 hands

• 1,700 - 2,000 hands

Percheron

• From French District of La Perche

• Some Flemish and Arabian blood

• Popularity rose among farmers during prewar

• By 1930s 3X as many percherons as any other draft breed

• Farm tractor almost made the horse extinct except a handful of farmers and the Amish kept them alive

• Black or Gray

• 15.2 - 17 hands

• 1,700 - 2,000 lbs

Shire

• Lincolnshire New England

• Robert Blakewell (father of animal science) contributed to its development

• Tallest of drafts

• Farmwork and Exhibition

• Bay, brown, black w/ white markings

• 16. 2 - 17 hands

• 1,800 - 2,200 lbs

Suffolk

• Suffolk, England

• One of the oldest breeds

  • Crisp’s horse of Ufford was the foundation stallion in 1768

• Short and strongly muscled forearms, thighs, upright shoulders, short and strong backs

• Smallest of draft horses

• Desire of animal to please its master

  • Possessed “Heart” : an inner determination to push on

  • Hitched to a tree and told to pull

• Chestnut

• 15.2 - 16.2 hands

• 1,500 - 1,900 lbs

Appaloosa

• Ancient cave drawings in France and Chinese 17th century art

• Developed by Nez Perce Indians from Spanish spotted

• Helped Chief Joseph and Nez Perce elude US Cavalry for months and fled over 1,300 miles

• Characteristics that define them:

  • Mottled or Parti - colored skin

  • White scelra

  • Striped hooves

  • Blanket (solid white w/ contrasting base color), blanket w/ spots, spots, roan, roan blanket w/ spots, solid

• Gentle disposition

• Stock, racing, pleasure, parade

Paint

• Two toned horses introduced by Spanish explorers

• White and almost any color of the equine spectrum

• Registry: Must have parents registered w/ American Paint Horse Association, American Quarter Horse Association, or the Jockey Club or Thoroughbreds

• Stockier and more powerfully muscled than light breeds

Color breeds: Pinto

• Patches of white and any color

• Can be any breed

Color breeds: Piebald

Black and white

Glass eyes

Milky or white in appearance

Tobiano

• All four legs white below hock and knees

• Spots are regular and distinctly oval or round and extend down the neck and chest appearing like a shield

• Dark color on one or both flanks

• Head markings are solid, blaze, strip, star or snip

• Tail is two colors

Overo

• White will not cross back of horse between withers and tail

• At least one leg is dark

• White is irregular and scattered or splashy

• Head markings often bald-faced, apron-faced

• Lethal white syndrome

  • Foals homozygous for this mutated gene have undeveloped nerves to the GI tract usually die painfully within 72 hours

  • Heterozygous ok

  • Often humanely euthanized

• Stock, pleasure, show, racing

Palomino

• Horse of emperors, kings, queens, Conquistadors, Indians of Southwest

• Variations from light to dark of a US fourteen karat gold coin ( cream, yellow, gold, copper)

• White main and tail

• Stock type

  • Mostly quarter horses

• Golden American Saddlebred

  • Saddlebreds

• Pleasure type

  • Morgans, Arabians, Tennessee Walking Horse

• Stock, parade, pleasure, saddle

Pony breed

• Smallest of horse breeds

• 14.2 hands and under

• Heavy bodies

  • Draft horses for loads and carts

Connemara

• Largest of pony breeds

• Deep and compact body w/ short clean legs w/ ample bone

• From Ireland

• 14.2 hands

• Gray, black, bay, brown, dun, cream

• Jumpers, show ponies, and mounts for children

Pony of the Americas

• Iowa

• Black hand #1 was foundation stallion who was from Appaloosa mare and Shetland stallion

• Arab, Thoroughbred, Quarter Horse, Appaloosa, Welsh Pony, and Shetland Pony all influenced

• Accepted characteristics similar to appaloosa

  • Sclera, striped hooves, mottled skins

• Children use as western type pony

• 11.2 - 13.2 hands

Shetland Pony

• Shetland islands of Scotland

• In Scotland carried peat to the cottages for fuel and seaweed for fertilizer

• Strongest equid relative to its size

• Imported into US to work in coal mines

• Children’s mounts, harness horses, roadsters, racing

• 9.2 - 10 hands

• 300 - 400 lbs

Welsh Pony

• Wales

• Rugged and agile due to harsh environment of Wales

• Riding horse for children

• Known for stamina, soundness, intelligence, even temperament

• Pleasure, trail, hunting, racing, coal mines

• Long neck, strong hindquarters and shoulders

• Any color except piebald or skewbald (white patches on top of color)

• Survived Henry VII’s decree that all horses under 15 hands be destroyed

• 11-13 hands

• 350 - 850 lbs

Miniature Horse

• Max height allowed by registry 8.2 hands

• Replicas of Quarterhorses, Arabs, Thoroughbreds, and Draft horses

• Most are 5.3 - 6. 2 hands

• Not dwarves, runts, or genetic mutations

  • Bred down to size yet maintaining perfect conformation

• More value as they become smaller

• Therapeutic programs for disabled children or adults or just for people who want a horse but can’t take care of 1,000 lb horses

Warmbloods

• middleweight horses primarily originating in Europe bred usually for sport

• Drafts (cold bloods)

• Light Breeds (hot bloods)

Hanoverian

• Sport Horse Breed

• This breed:

  • Hanover, Germany

  • War horses, olympics

  • Riding, driving, hunting, jumping, dressage, utility purposes

  • Calm level-headed in difficult situations

  • Stamina and hardy

  • 16.2 hands

  • 1,200 lbs

Holsteiner

• Oldest breed of warmbloods

• Germany

• War

• Jumping, dressage, driving

• Bay, gray, chestnut

• 16-17 hands

Trakehner

• Trakehner, Prussia

• Throughbred and Arabian added to native horses in prussia

• Alert, Intelligent, stable and anxious to please

• Dressage, combined training, jumper and hunter

• Elegant movement

  • Floating trot

  • Soft balanced canter

• Large horse at 16-17 hands

Donkey

• Males and female names?

  • Male = Jack / Jackass

  • Female = Jenny / Jennet

• Smaller in stature than horse

• Less subject to lameness and injury

• Less subject to hysteria and stress

Mule

• Male donkey x Female mare

• Usually sterile

• Can withstand higher temps, eat irregular meals, sounder of foot, can work in areas of stress

• State animal

  • Missouri