Spanish Relative Pronouns / and other content

que

• After one syllable prepositions if referring to a thing

• Direct object ( subject + que + verb)

quien(es)

• one-syllable prep. or after comma to refer to a person

  • These conditions are not needed in a question

• as a subject (he who, those who, etc.)

el cual / el que (and their forms)

• Emphasis when more than one person / thing comes before it (la amiga de Carlos, la cual…, as opposed to Carlos)

• After por/sin

• After two or more syllable prep.

el que

• As a subject

  • “the one who,” “those who,” etc.

lo cual / lo que

• When the thing that comes before it is an abstract concept, action, or idea without a gender

lo que

• used for “what” when nothing is specified before it (what is known, wanted, etc. is not stated until after the “lo que”)

• Sometimes this mystery subject is mentioned in a previous (connected) clause, and in that case another relative pronoun will be used

  • “…hace los tacos; vamos a hacer los que necesites…”

cuyo / a / as / etc.

• whose

• matches in gender / number with the possessed noun

lo

• placed in front of an adjective to signify the abstract version of it (the good = lo bueno, the modern / modern things = lo moderno)

decir - tú command

di

hacer - tú command

haz

ir - tú command

ve

poner - tú command

pon

salir - tú command

sal

ser - tú command

sé

tener - tú command

ten

venir - tú command

ven

where do accents go in modified verbs (commands, etc.)?

Where the stress was originally in the unmodified verb

comamos

¡comámonos!

ayuda

¡ayúdame!

What order to pronouns go in

Reflexive, Indirect, Direct (RID)

Be sure to use these in commands / answers when possible (dont repeat what is in the prompt)

what form to be careful with

nosotros - reply with uds./ellos form