COMP EXAM - BPA practice questions
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75 Terms
Which of the following treatment are most beneficial for a patient with chronic bilateral lower back pain?
IFC
2 multiple choice options
Which of the following dosage and application parameters is correct for dexamethasone applied at 4 milliamps for 10 minutes?
40 milliamps
2 multiple choice options
Which one of the following is considered an adverse reaction to the cryotherapy?
hives
2 multiple choice options
The strength-duration curve describes relationships between?
pulse duration and intensity (amplitude)
2 multiple choice options
Which one of the following is a contraindication for the US over lateral maleoli?
Age under 18 years old
2 multiple choice options
When performing FES to improve ankle DF, the electrodes should be placed on?
anterior tibialis and peroneals
2 multiple choice options
Which of the following is a contraindication for mechanical traction?
Osteoporosis
2 multiple choice options
What medical condition is a contraindication for mechanical traction?
Rhematoid Arthritis
When performing FES for shoulder subluxation, the electrodes should be placed on which muscles?
supraspinatus and posterior deltoid
2 multiple choice options
Which of the following should be assessed prior to applying electrical stimulation?
sensation
2 multiple choice options
Which of the following impairments is LEAST likely to be treated effectively with compression therapy?
Ischemic limb due to PAD
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is a contraindication to cryotherapy?
Raynaud's disease
2 multiple choice options
What is long-term steroid use a contraindication for?
ultrasound and superficial heat
What are contraindications for ultrasound?
TB, fractures, age under 18, hx of cancer in the area, active infection, impaired circulation
A physical therapist is applying intermittent pneumatic compression to a patient with chronic lymphedema in the lower extremity. Which of the following on/off ratios would be MOST appropriate?
1:1
3 multiple choice options
A patient presents with acute muscle spasms and guarding after a minor injury. Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate initially?
Cryotherapy
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following physiological effects is NOT typically associated with cryotherapy?
Increased blood flow
3 multiple choice options
A physical therapist is using moist heat packs to increase the extensibility of a patient's superficial tissues prior to stretching exercises. Which of the following is the PRIMARY rationale for this intervention?
To heat superficial tissues to increase extensibility.
3 multiple choice options
A pregnant patient comes into your clinic with bilateral diffused back pain. What kind of biophysical agent treatment would you use?
superficial heat
A pregnant patient comes into your clinic with localized knee pain. What kind of biophysical agent treatment would you use?
ultrasound
Pregnancy is ALWAYS (no matter the area) a contraindication for ________________
E-stim
Which electrode configuration involves placing two electrodes of a single circuit on or over the target tissue?
Bipolar
3 multiple choice options
In electrical stimulation, what is the relationship between pulse amplitude (intensity) and pulse duration (width) to achieve the same level of stimulation?
Inversely proportional
3 multiple choice options
What type of E-stim do we use for localized inflammation?
iontophoresis (direct current)
What treatment always has polarity?
iontophoresis
According to the Gate Control Theory, how does electrical stimulation decrease pain?
By selectively stimulating larger diameter afferent fibers, blocking noxious input.
3 multiple choice options
A patient with chronic lower back pain is being treated with TENS. Which of the following parameters is MOST appropriate for acupuncture-like TENS?
Low frequency, long pulse duration, high intensity
3 multiple choice options
If a patient has a pacemaker, what treatment is absolutely contraindicated?
e-stim
A physical therapist is using Interferential Current (IFC) for pain modulation. Which of the following is TRUE regarding IFC?
It uses medium frequency (1-10 kHz, with a carrier = 4000
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of electrical stimulation?
Pacemaker
3 multiple choice options
Why is it important to know what the stage of condition is for E-stim treatment?
to know if it is acute pain vs chronic pain for parameters
What is high rate e-stim (IFC or TENs) used for?
80-150Hz, acute pain
What is low rate e-stim (IFC or TENs) used for?
~10HZ, chronic pain
What is a high rate of e-stim tell you about what the pulse duration should be?
it should be lower
What is the IFZ frequency?
4000Hz - medium frequency
A patient is having difficulty with voluntary muscle contraction after surgery. Which type of electrical stimulation is MOST appropriate to improve muscle strength?
NMES
3 multiple choice options
A physical therapist is using NMES to strengthen the quadriceps muscle in a patient following a knee injury. Which of the following duty cycles is MOST appropriate for muscle strengthening?
1:3
3 multiple choice options
What is the primary purpose of using biofeedback in muscle re-education?
To provide auditory and visual feedback about muscle activity
3 multiple choice options
If you want to strengthen the muscle, what kind of waveform would you use?
russian or biphasic
What parameter do you need to change to fatigue a muscle during e-stim?
increase PPS
What type of current is used in iontophoresis?
Direct current
3 multiple choice options
A physical therapist is using iontophoresis to deliver dexamethasone to a patient with lateral epicondylitis. What is the PRIMARY therapeutic goal of this intervention?
To reduce inflammation
3 multiple choice options
When administering iontophoresis, what is the formula used to calculate dosage?
Dosage (mA/min) = Current (mA) x Duration (min)
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following conditions has the STRONGEST evidence supporting the use of ultrasound?
Carpal tunnel syndrome
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following physiological effects is primarily associated with the thermal effects of ultrasound?
Increased tissue temperature
3 multiple choice options
A physical therapist is using ultrasound to heat deep tissues. Which frequency would be MOST appropriate to reach tissues up to 6 cm deep?
1 MHz
3 multiple choice options
What is cavitation in the context of ultrasound?
The formation of gas bubbles
3 multiple choice options
A physical therapist is applying continuous ultrasound. What duty cycle are they using?
100%
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following conditions is MOST likely to be treated effectively with mechanical traction?
Disc herniation
3 multiple choice options
What is a primary physiological effect of cervical traction?
Reduction in disc herniation area
3 multiple choice options
During lumbar traction, what percentage of the patient's body weight is typically used for the initial traction force?
1/3 to 1/2
1 multiple choice option
For cervical traction targeting C5-C7, which cervical unit angle is MOST appropriate?
25 to 30 degrees
3 multiple choice options
A 55-year-old patient with chronic lateral epicondylitis reports persistent pain and limited function. The physical therapist decides to use ultrasound. Which of the following parameters is MOST appropriate?
3 MHz, pulsed (20%), 0.5 W/cm²
3 multiple choice options
A patient presents with post-operative edema and pain following a knee replacement. The physical therapist wants to use electrical stimulation for pain relief. Which of the following TENS parameters is MOST appropriate for acute pain?
High frequency, short pulse duration, low intensity
3 multiple choice options
A patient with a disc herniation at L4-L5 is being treated with mechanical lumbar traction. During the treatment, the patient reports increased pain in their lower extremity. What is the MOST appropriate course of action?
Stop the traction and reassess the patient
3 multiple choice options
A patient with myofascial pain in the upper trapezius is being treated with ultrasound. The physical therapist should educate the patient about the potential adverse effects, including:
Skin redness or discomfort
3 multiple choice options
A patient with limited shoulder range of motion due to adhesive capsulitis is being treated with moist heat before stretching exercises. The physical therapist should monitor the patient for:
Skin irritation or burns
3 multiple choice options
A patient with chronic venous insufficiency and lower extremity edema is being fitted for compression stockings. The physical therapist should ensure that the stockings provide:
Greater compression distally than proximally
3 multiple choice options
A patient with muscle weakness following a stroke is being treated with NMES. The physical therapist should adjust the parameters to achieve:
A strong, sustained muscle contraction with minimal fatigue
3 multiple choice options
A physical therapist is preparing to use iontophoresis to deliver medication to a patient with plantar fasciitis. Which of the following factors should be considered when determining the appropriate dosage?
The patient's skin sensitivity
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is a precaution for mechanical traction?
Spinal instability
3 multiple choice options
A patient with a history of uncontrolled hypertension is referred for TENS therapy to manage chronic back pain. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate action for the physical therapist?
Defer TENS treatment and consult with the patient's physician regarding blood pressure management.
3 multiple choice options
A patient with a known malignancy is being considered for ultrasound therapy to treat shoulder pain. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate course of action?
Avoid ultrasound therapy due to the contraindication of malignancy.
3 multiple choice options
A patient is receiving electrical stimulation to assist with dorsiflexion during gait training following a stroke. The physical therapist observes that the patient's skin is becoming red and irritated under one of the electrodes. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial action?
Discontinue the treatment and assess the skin for signs of burns or breakdown.
3 multiple choice options
A patient with a healed fracture is experiencing persistent pain and limited range of motion. The physical therapist is considering using ultrasound to promote tissue healing. Which of the following parameters is MOST appropriate?
Pulsed ultrasound at a low intensity to promote non-thermal effects.
3 multiple choice options
A patient with a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is being considered for compression therapy to manage lower extremity edema. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate action for the physical therapist?
Avoid compression therapy due to the risk of dislodging the DVT and causing a pulmonary embolism.
3 multiple choice options
If you see the following parameters in a chart, what treatment do you think would have been performed?
PPS: 25, 35, 50
PD: 200-800 microseconds
Ramp Up: 2-4 sec
On-Off cycle: 5-10 sec
On-off time ratio: 1:3 to 1:7
NMES
What refers to acoustic wave amplitude measured in w/ cm2?
intensity
In ultrasound treatment, caution should be used when using high intensity with units that have __________
poor BNR
In ultrasound treatment, avoid ________ with higher BNR
cavitation
Continuous ultrasound with high intensity is _______
thermal
Is pulsed ultrasound thermal or nonthermal?
nonthermal
What are the parameters for non-thermal ultrasound?
pulsed (20%) 1 or 3 MHz = 0.3-1.0 w/cm2 or continuous 0.2-0.5 w/cm2
What are the parameters for thermal US?
3MHz = 1.0-1.5 w/cm2
How would you know when to use continuous vs pulsed US?
pulsed would be for acute/ subacute and continuous would be for chronic/ long term use